Smart Materials and Active Structures
Publication: Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Volume 26, Issue 2
Abstract
Research in smart materials and active structures has grown significantly at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) in the last 10 years. The GRC has achieved several promising results in both new material development and component applications for concepts using both shape memory alloys and piezoelectric ceramics. Progress in understanding and modeling of shape memory alloys has allowed for improved design and control methodologies. New high-temperature alloys with attractive work output have extended the capability from room temperature to ∼350°C. Finally, the list of successful prototype demonstrations continues to grow for both commercially available alloys and the newer high-temperature alloys. Analytical and experimental methods on piezoelectric blade vibration damping have produced the first successful demonstration of vibration damping on a rotating component. The damping levels achieved lead to reduced dynamic stresses, hence increased engine life and enhanced damage tolerance. In addition, new compositions have been developed to extend the temperature capability of high-performance piezoelectrics to near 400°C. These new materials are just now showing laboratory-scale feasibility and are targeted for continued development.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work presented in this paper was the result of the efforts of the following researchers: M. A. Bakhle, B. B. Choi, K. P. Duffy, J. B. Min, C. R. Morrison, and A. J. Provenza (piezoelectric damping team); F. Dynys, A. Sayir, and A. Sehirlioglu (high-temperature piezoelectric material team); and G. S. Bigelow, O. Benafan, A. Garg, D. J. Gaydosh, R. D. Noebe, and S. A. Padula (shape memory alloy team). Funding from NASA’s Subsonics Fixed Wing and Supersonics projects and Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant No. FA9550-06-1-0260 is appreciated.
References
Bigelow, G. S., Garg, A., Padula, S. A., II, Gaydosh, D. J., and Noebe, R. D. (2008). “Development and characterization of improved NiTiPd high-temperature shape-memory alloys by solid-solution strengthening and thermomechanical processing.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Shape Memory and Superelastic Technologies, American Society for Metals, International, Metals Park, OH.
Bigelow, G. S., Garg, A., Padula, S. A., II, Gaydosh, D. J., and Noebe, R. D. (2011). “Load-biased shape-memory and superelastic properties of a precipitation strengthened high-temperature Ni 50.3Ti 29.7Hf 20 alloy.” Scr. Mater., 64(8), 725–728.
Bigelow, G. S., Padula, S. A., Garg, A., Gaydosh, D., and Noebe, R. D. (2010). “Characterization of ternary NiTiPd high-temperature shape-memory alloys under load-biased thermal cycling.” Metall. Mater. Trans., A Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci., 41(12), 3065–3079.
Brown, G. V., Kielb, R. E., Meyn, E. H., Morris, R. E., and Posta, S. J. (1984). “Lewis Research Center spin rig and its use in vibration analysis of rotating systems.” TP-2304, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland.
Bunget, G., and Seelecke, S. (2010). “BATMAV: A 2-DOF bio-inspired flapping flight platform.” Proc., ASME Conf. on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, ASME, New York, 853–861.
Calkins, F. T., and Mabe, J. H. (2010). “Shape memory alloy based morphing aerostructures.” J. Mech. Des., 132(11), 111012.
Choi, B., Morrison, C., and Min, J. (2009). “A multi-mode blade damping control using shunted piezoelectric transducers with active feedback structure.” Proc., Propulsion Safety and Affordable Readiness (P-SAR) Review Meeting, U.S. Department of Defense, Washington, DC.
DeCastro, J. A., Melcher, K. J., and Noebe, R. D. (2005). “System-level design of a shape memory alloy actuator for active clearance control in the high-pressure turbine.” 2005-3988, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA.
Duffy, K. P., Choi, B. B., Provenza, A. J., Min, J. B., and Kray, N. (2012). “Active piezoelectric vibration control of subscale composite fan blades.” Proc., ASME Turbo Expo: Power For Land, Sea and Air, SPIE, Bellingham, WA.
Duffy, K. P., Provenza, A. J., Trudell, J. J., and Min, J. B. (2009). “Passively shunted piezoelectric damping of centrifugally loaded plates.” 2009-2524, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA.
Eitel, R. E., Randall, C. A., Shrout, T. R., Rehrig, P. W., Hackenberger, W., and Park, S. E. (2001). “New high temperature morphotropic phase boundary piezoelectrics based on Bi(Me)O3–PbTiO3 ceramics.” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40(10), 5999–6002.
Grinberg, I., Suchomel, M. R., Davies, P. K., and Rappe, A. M. (2005). “Predicting morphotropic phase boundary locations and transition temperatures in Pb- and Bi-based perovskite solid solutions from crystal chemical data and first-principles calculations.” J. Appl. Phys., 98(9), 094111.
Kauffman, J. L., and Lesieutre, G. A. (2011). “Performance of piezoelectric-based damping techniques for structures with changing excitation frequencies.” Proc., SPIE Conf., SPIE, Bellingham, WA.
Kovarik, L., Yang, F., Garg, A., Diersks, D., Kaufman, M., and Noebe, R. (2010). “Structural analysis of a new precipitate phase in high-temperature Ti50Ni30Pt20 shape memory alloys.” Acta Mater., 58(14), 4660–4673.
Manchiraju, S., Gaydosh, D., Benafan, O., Noebe, R., Vaidyanathan, R., and Anderson, P. M. (2011). “Thermal cycling and isothermal deformation response of polycrystalline NiTi: Simulations vs. experiment.” Acta Mater., 59(13), 5238–5249.
Min, J. B., Duffy, K., Choi, B. B., Morrison, C. R., Jansen, R. H., and Provenza, A. J. (2008). “A resonant damping study using piezoelectric materials.” 2008-2335, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA.
Min, J. B., Duffy, K. P., Choi, B. B., Provenza, A. L., and Kray, N. (2012). “Piezoelectric vibration damping study for rotating composite fan blades.” 2012-1644, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA.
Min, J. B., Duffy, K. P., and Provenza, A. J. (2010). “Shunted piezoelectric vibration damping analysis including centrifugal loading effects.” 2010-2716, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA.
Noebe, R., Gaydosh, D., Padula, S., Garg, A., Biles, T., and Nathal, M. (2005). “Properties and potential of two (Ni,Pt)Ti alloys for use as high-temperature actuator materials.” Proc., SPIE Conf., SPIE, Bellingham, WA.
Noebe, R., Padula, S., Bigelow, G., Rios, O., Garg, A., and Lerch, B. (2006a). “Properties of a Ni19.5Pd30Ti50.5 high-temperature shape memory alloy in tension and compression.” Proc., SPIE Conf., SPIE, Bellingham, WA.
Noebe, R. D., Quackenbush, T. R., and Padula, S. A. (2006b). “Benchtop demonstration of an adaptive chevron completed using a new high-temperature shape-memory alloy.” 2005 R&T, TM-2006-214016, NASA, Cleveland, 140–141.
Padula, S. A., II., et al. (2007). “Development of a HTSMA-actuated surge control rod for high-temperature turbomachinery applications.” 2007-2196, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA.
Padula, S., II., et al. (2011). “Effect of upper-cycle temperature on the load-biased, strain-temperature response of NiTi.” TM-2011-217408, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland.
Propulsion Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory. (2000). “High cycle fatigue (HCF) program 1999 annual report.” Rep. PR-WP-TR-2000-2004, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH.
Qiu, S., et al. (2009). “Measurement of the lattice plane strain and phase fraction evolution during heating and cooling in shape memory NiTi.” Appl. Phys. Lett., 95(14), 141906.
Qiu, S., Clausen, B., Padula, S. A., II, Noebe, R. D., and Vaidyanathan, R. (2011). “On elastic moduli and elastic anisotropy in polycrystalline martensitic NiTi.” Acta Mater., 59(13), 5055–5066.
Quackenbush, T. R., Carpenter, B. F., Boschitsch, A. H., and Danilov, P. V. (2008). “Industrial and commercial applications of smart structures technologies.” Proc., SPIE Conf., SPIE, Bellingham, WA.
Sehirlioglu, A., Sayir, A., and Dynys, F. (2008). “Microstructure-property relationships in liquid phase sintered high-temperature bismuth scandium oxide-lead titanate piezoceramics.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 91(9), 2910–2916.
Sehirlioglu, A., Sayir, A., and Dynys, F. (2009). “High temperature properties of BiScO3–PbTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics.” J. Appl. Phys., 106(1), 014102.
Sehirlioglu, A., Sayir, A., and Dynys, F. (2010). “Enhanced ferroelectric and electromechanical properties of doped BiScO3-PbTiO3 ceramics.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 93(6), 1718.
Sehirlioglu, A., Sayir, A., Dynys, F., Nittala, K., and Jones, J. (2011). “Structure and piezoelectric properties near the bismuth scandium oxide-lead zirconate-lead titanate ternary morphotropic phase boundary.” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 94(3), 788–795.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 12, 2012
Accepted: Dec 6, 2012
Published online: Dec 10, 2012
Published in print: Apr 1, 2013
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.