Seismic Floor Acceleration Amplification Based on Instrumented Building Records
Publication: Journal of Architectural Engineering
Volume 26, Issue 2
Abstract
The estimation of seismic forces for acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components (NSCs) in buildings including architectural, mechanical, and electrical systems and building content requires a reliable prediction of the seismic floor accelerations along the building height. These accelerations can be estimated either by performing detailed time-history dynamic analyses on a finite-element model of the supporting building or by using simplified equations as proposed in the North American and European codes. In addition, a probabilistic estimate of floor acceleration demands is essential for risk-informed performance assessment and loss estimation of these NSCs. To this end, an analytical method for the prediction of peak floor acceleration demands was proposed in FEMA-P58 [ATC (Applied Technology Council). 2012. Seismic performance assessment of buildings, prepared for federal emergency management agency. FEMA-P58. Washington, DC: ATC] based on linear and nonlinear time-history analyses performed on idealized low-to-medium-rise building models. This paper presents a validation study of the FEMA-P58 equation using two databases of recorded horizontal rooftop accelerations in 41 instrumented buildings. The first database consists of 28 buildings that were subjected to different earthquake events in California, while the second database consists of 13 buildings that were subjected to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in Japan. The ratios of the recorded rooftop-to-ground-level accelerations in both databases were computed and compared to the FEMA-P58 predictive equation. A comparison of predicted versus recorded median and dispersion of the rooftop acceleration amplification was made and discussed. The results showed that the equation underestimated the acceleration amplification for frame buildings.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
ASCE. 2014. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE/SEI 7-10. Reston, VA: ASCE.
ATC (Applied Technology Council). 2012. Seismic performance assessment of buildings, prepared for federal emergency management agency. FEMA-P58. Washington, DC: ATC.
Badillo-Almaraz, H., A. S. Whittaker, and A. M. Reinhorn. 2007. “Seismic fragility of suspended ceiling systems.” Earthquake Spectra 23 (1): 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2357626.
CEN (European Committee for Standardization). 2004. Design of structures for earthquake resistance—Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings. Eurocode 8. Brussels, Belgium: CEN.
CESMD (Center for Engineering Strong Motion Data). 2019. “Center for Engineering Strong Motion Data—A cooperative effort.” Accessed March 1, 2019. https://strongmotioncenter.org.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2014. Seismic risk reduction of operational and functional components (OFCs) of buildings. CSA-S832-14. Rexdale, Ontario: CSA.
Fathali, S., and B. Lizundia. 2011. “Evaluation of current seismic design equations for nonstructural components in tall buildings using strong motion records.” Struct. Des. Tall Special Build. 20 (1): 30–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.736.
FEMA. 2010. Earthquake loss estimation methodology: Hazus-MH MR5. Advanced engineering building module. Washington, DC: FEMA.
Goel, R., and A. K. Chopra. 1997. “Period formulas for moment-resisting frame buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 123 (11): 1454–1461. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:11(1454).
Goel, R., and A. K. Chopra. 1998. “Period formulas for concrete shear wall frame buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 124 (4): 426–433. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1998)124:4(426).
Harris, A. 2016. “Estimation of natural periods and damping ratios for buildings.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California.
Huang, Y. N., and A. S. Whittaker. 2012. Simplified analysis procedures for next-generation performance-based seismic design. Project Rep. No. FEMA P-58/BD-3.7.4. Redwood City, CA: Applied Technology Council.
Huang, Y. N., A. S. Whittaker, N. Luco, and R. O. Hamburger. 2011. “Scaling earthquake ground motions for performance-based assessment of buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 137 (3): 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000155.
Hutchinson, T., J. I. Restrepo, J. Conte, and B. Meacham. 2013. “Overview of the building nonstructural components and systems (BNCS) project.” In Structures Congress 2013: Bridging Your Passion with Your Profession, edited by B. J. Leshko and J. McHugh, 1485–1498. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Kashima, T., S. Koyama, M. Iiba, and I. Okawa. 2014. “Change in dynamic characteristics of RC/SRC buildings during the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake.” In Proc., 10th US National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 21–25. Anchorage, AK: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
Medina, R. A., J. Clayton, R. Sankaranarayanan, and M. Ferguson. 2010. “Seismic acceleration demands on nonstructural components attached to elastic and inelastic structures.” In Improving the Seismic Performance of Existing Buildings and Other Structures, edited by B. Goodno, 639–650. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Miranda, E., and S. Taghavi. 2010. “A comprehensive study of floor acceleration demands in multi-story buildings.” In Improving the Seismic Performance of Existing Buildings and Other Structures, edited by B. Goodno, 616–626. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Naeim, F., S. Hagie, A. Alimoradi, and E. Miranda. 2005. Automated post-earthquake damage assessment and safety evaluation of instrumented buildings. Rep. No. 2005-10639. Los Angeles: John A Martin & Associates.
NRCAN (Natural Resources Canada). 2018. Earthquakes Canada—Earthquakes in Southwestern British Columbia. Sidney, BC: NRCAN. Accessed September 1, 2018. http://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/pprs-pprp/index-en.php
NRCC (National Research Council of Canada). 2015. The 2015 National Building Code of Canada. NBCC-2015. Ottawa, ON, Canada: NRCC.
Porter, K., G. Johnson, R. Sheppard, and R. Bachman. 2010. “Fragility of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing equipment.” Earthquake Spectra 26 (2): 451–472. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3363847.
Porter, K., R. Kennedy, and R. Bachman. 2007. “Creating fragility functions for performance-based earthquake engineering.” Earthquake Spectra 23 (2): 471–489. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2720892.
Ramirez, C. M., A. B. Liel, J. Mitrani-Reiser, C. B. Haselton, A. D. Spear, J. Steiner, G. G. Deierlein, and E. Miranda. 2012. “Expected earthquake damage and repair costs in reinforced concrete frame buildings.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 41 (11): 1455–1475. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2216.
Retamales, R., R. Davies, G. Mosqueda, and A. Filiatrault. 2013. “Experimental seismic fragility of cold-formed steel framed gypsum partition walls.” J. Struct. Eng. 139 (8): 1285–1293. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000657.
Soroushian, S., A. E. Zaghi, M. Maragakis, A. Echevarria, Y. Tian, and A. Filiatrault. 2015. “Analytical seismic fragility analyses of fire sprinkler piping systems with threaded joints.” Earthquake Spectra 31 (2): 1125–1155. https://doi.org/10.1193/083112EQS277M.
Taghavi, S., and E. Miranda. 2005. “Approximate floor acceleration demands in multistory buildings. II: Applications.” J. Struct. Eng. 131 (2): 212–220. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:2(212).
Taghavi, S., and E. Miranda. 2012. “Probabilistic study of peak floor acceleration demands in nonlinear structures.” In Proc., 15th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 24–28. Lisbon, Portugal: Sociedade Portuguesa de Engenharia Sismica (SPES).
Whittaker, A., J. Moehle, and M. Higashino. 1998. “Evolution of seismic building design practice in Japan.” Struct. Des. Tall Build. 7 (2): 93–111.
Yang, T. Y., J. Moehle, B. Stojadinovic, and A. Der Kiureghian. 2009. “Seismic performance evaluation of facilities: Methodology and implementation.” J. Struct. Eng. 135 (10): 1146–1154. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:10(1146).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Sep 13, 2018
Accepted: Jan 2, 2020
Published online: Mar 25, 2020
Published in print: Jun 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Aug 25, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.