General Formulation of Two Kinematic Hardening Constitutive Models with a Smooth Elastoplastic Transition
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 6, Issue 5
Abstract
Two new constitutive models formulated within the framework of kinematic hardening plasticity are presented and their implementation into a finite-element program is described. The models are extensions of two existing constitutive models for reconstituted clays and introduce a number of kinematic surfaces within the modified CAM clay bounding surface. The new key feature of the models is a hardening modulus which results in a smooth variation of stiffness with strain, from the high elastic value, within the first kinematic surface, to the value on the bounding surface. Other features include a mathematical formulation of the models in general stress space to facilitate their implementation into a finite-element program, a variety of shapes of the yield and plastic potential surfaces in the deviatoric plane, and the novel concept of changing the active yield surface, which is necessary for the consistent formulation and implementation of the models into a finite-element code. The models are shown to have the ability to reproduce realistically the observed nonlinear prefailure behavior of overconsolidated clays in the small strain range.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research presented in this paper was funded by an EPSRC Grant No. UNSPECIFIEDGR/R54187. Their support is gratefully acknowledged. The writers would like to thank Professor R. J. Jardine and Professor D. W. Hight for making available the data on London clay.
References
Al-Tabbaa, A. (1987). “Permeability and stress-strain response of speswhite kaolin.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
Al-Tabbaa, A., and Wood, D. M. (1989). “An experimental based “bubble” model for clay.” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. on Numerical Models in Geomechanics, A. Pietruszczak and G. N. Pande, eds., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 91–99.
Baudet, B. A., and Stallebrass, S. E. (2004). “A constitutive model for structured clays.” Geotechnique, 54(4), 269–278.
Burland, J. B. (1989). “Ninth Laurits Bjerrum Memorial Lecture: Small is beautiful—The stiffness of soils at small strains.” Can. Geotech. J., 26(4), 499–516.
Butterfield, R. (1979). “A natural compression law for soils.” Geotechnique, 29(4), 469–480.
Callisto, L., Gajo, A., and Muir Wood, D. (2002). “Simulation of triaxial and true triaxial tests on natural and reconstituted Pisa clay.” Geotechnique, 52(9), 649–666.
Dafalias, Y. F., and Herrmann, L. R. (1980). “A bounding surface soil plasticity model.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Soils under Cyclic and Transient Loading, Vol. 1, G. N. Pande and O. C. Zienkiewicz, eds., Swansea, U.K., 335–345.
Desai, C. S., Somasundaram, S., and Frantziskonis, G. N. (1986). “A hierarchical approach for constitutive modelling of geologic materials.” Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech., 10(3), 225–257.
Gajo, A., and Muir Wood, D. (2001). “A new approach to anisotropic, bounding surface plasticity: General formulation and simulations of natural and reconstituted clay behaviour.” Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech., 25(3), 207–241.
Grammatikopoulou, A. (2004). “Development, implementation and application of kinematic hardening models for overconsolidated clays.” Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College, Univ. of London, London.
Hight, D. W., McMillan, F., Powell, J. J. M., Jardine, R. J., and Allenou, C. P. (2003). “Some characteristics of London clay.” Characterisation and engineering properties of natural soils, Vol. 2, Tan et al., eds., Balkema, Lisse, The Netherlands, 851–946.
Jardine, R. J. (1985). “Investigations of pile-soil behaviour with special reference to the foundations of offshore structures.” Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College, Univ. of London, London.
Jardine, R. J., Symes, M. J., and Burland, J. B. (1984). “The measurement of soil stiffness in the triaxial apparatus.” Geotechnique, 34(3), 323–340.
Kavvadas, M., and Amorosi, A. (2000). “A constitutive model for structured soils.” Geotechnique, 50(3), 263–273.
Lade, P. V., and Duncan, J. M. (1975). “Elastoplastic stress–strain theory for cohesionless soil.” ASCE, GT Division, 101(10), 1037–1053.
Matusoka, H., and Nakai, T. (1974). “Stress-deformation and strength characteristics of soil under three different principal stresses.” Proc., JSCE, 232, 59–70.
Mroz, Z., Norris, V. A., and Zienkiewicz, O. C. (1978). “An anisotropic hardening model for soils and its application to cyclic loading.” Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech., 2(3), 203–221.
Rouainia, M., and Muir Wood, D. (2000). “A kinematic hardening constitutive model for natural clays with loss of structure.” Geotechnique, 50(2), 153–164.
Stallebrass, S. E. (l990 ). “Modelling the effect of recent stress history on the deformation of overconsolidated soils.” Ph.D. thesis, City Univ., London.
Stallebrass, S. E., and Taylor, R. N. (1997). “The development and evaluation of a constitutive model for the prediction of ground movements in overconsolidated clay.” Geotechnique, 47(2), 235–253.
van Eekelen, H. A. M. (1980). “Isotropic yield surfaces in three dimensions for use in soil mechanics.” Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech., 4(1), 89–101.
Viggiani, G., and Atkinson, J. H. (1995). “Stiffness of fine-grained soil at very small strains.” Geotechnique, 45(2), 249–265.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 6 • Issue 5 • September 2006
Pages: 291 - 302
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 23, 2004
Accepted: Oct 4, 2005
Published online: Sep 1, 2006
Published in print: Sep 2006
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.