Shear Retrofit of Hollow Bridge Piers with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Sheets
Publication: Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 9, Issue 4
Abstract
Hollow bridge piers are currently being used in high-speed rail and highway projects in Taiwan. The flexural ductility and shear capacity of such piers with the configuration of lateral reinforcement used in Taiwan has recently been studied. This paper reports that circular and rectangular hollow bridge piers retrofitted by carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets were tested under a constant axial load and a cyclic reversed horizontal load to investigate their seismic behavior, including flexural ductility, dissipated energy, and shear capacity. An analytical model is also developed to predict the moment-curvature relationship of sections and the lateral load-displacement relationship of piers. Based on the test results, the seismic behavior of such piers is presented. The test results are also compared with the proposed analytical model. It was found that the ductility factors of the tested piers ranged from 3.3 to 5.5 and that the proposed analytical model could predict the lateral load-displacement relationship of such piers with reasonable accuracy. All in all, CFRP sheets can effectively improve both the ductility factor and the shear capacity of hollow bridge piers.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research in this report was funded by the National Science Council, Taiwan, through grant NSC 90-2711-3-319-200-14. The writers wish to thank T.-K. Chow, C.-H. Chou, C.-C. Lin, and S. J. Wang for their assistance in constructing and testing the specimens.
References
Aboutaha, R. S., Engelhardt, M. D., Jirsa, J. O., and Kreger, M. E. (1999). “Rehabilitation of shear critical concrete columns by use of rectangular steel jackets.” ACI Struct. J., 96(1), 68–78.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2002). Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-02) and commentary (ACI 318R-02), Farmington Hills, Mich.
Aschheim, M., Moehle, J. P., and Werner, S. D. (1992). “Deformability of concrete columns.” Project Rep. under Contract No. 59Q122, California Department of Transportation, Division of Structures, Sacramento, Calif.
Fujii, M., Kobayashi, K., Miyagawa, T., Inoue, S., and Matsumoto, T. (1988). “A study on the application of a stress-strain relation of confined concrete.” Proc., JCA Cement and Concrete, Japan Cement Association, Tokyo, 42, 311–314.
Gergely, I., Pantelides, C. P., Nuismer, R. J. , and Reaveley, L. D. (1998). “Bridge pier retrofit using fiber-reinforced plastic composites.” J. Compos. Constr., 2(4), 165–174.
Hong, S. Y. (1998). “Stress-strain relation of confined concrete for rectangular hollow columns.” MS thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (in Chinese).
Hoshikuma, J., Kawashima, K., Nagaya, K., and Taylor, A. W. (1997). “Stress-strain model for confined reinforced concrete in bridge piers.” J. Struct. Eng., 123(5), 624–633
Kent, D. C., and Park, R. (1971). “Flexural members with confined concrete.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE, 97(7), 1969–1990.
Mander, J. B. (1983). “Seismic design of bridge piers.” PhD thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Mander, J. B., Panthaki, F. D., and Kasalanati, A. (1994). “Low-cycle fatigue behavior of reinforcing steel.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 6(4), 453–468.
Mander, J. B., Priestley, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1988a). “Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1804–1826.
Mander, J. B., Priestley, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1988b). “Observed stress-strain behavior of confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1827–1849.
Matsuda, T., et al. (1996). “Seismic model tests of reinforced concrete hollow piers.” Proc., 12th U.S.-Japan Bridge Engineering Workshop, Buffalo, N.Y., October 29-30, 407–412.
Mo, Y. L. (1994). Dynamic behavior of concrete structures, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 214–218.
Mo, Y. L. (1998). “Seismic behavior of hollow reinforced concrete columns.” Research Rep., Sinotech Engineering Consultants, Taipei, Taiwan (in Chinese).
Mo, Y. L., and Jeng, C. H. (1999). “Seismic shear behavior of hollow bridge columns.” Proc., 1st Int. Conf. on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon, Korea.
Monti, G., and Nuti, C. (1992). “Nonlinear cyclic behavior of reinforcing bars including buckling.” J. Struct. Eng., 118(12), 3268–3284.
Muguruma, H., Watanabe, S., Katsuta, S., and Tanaka, S. (1980). “A stress-strain model of confined concrete.” Proc., JCA Cement and Concrete, Japan Cement Association, Tokyo, 34, 429–432.
Muguruma, H., Watanabe, S., Tanaka, S., Sakurai, K., and Nakaruma, E. (1978). “A study on the improvement of bending ultimate strain of concrete.” J. Struct. Eng. (Tokyo), 24, 109–116.
Park, R., and Paulay, T. (1975). Reinforced concrete structures, Wiley, New York.
Park, R., Priestley, M. J. N., and Gill, W. D. (1982). “Ductility of square-confined concrete columns.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE, 108(4), 929–950.
Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., and Benzoni, G. (1994). “Seismic performance of circular columns with low longitudinal steel ratios.” Rep. No. SSRP-94/08, University of California, San Diego.
Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., and Calvi, G. M. (1996). Seismic design and retrofit of bridges, Wiley, New York.
Priestley, M. J. N., Verma, R., and Xiao, Y. (1993). “Shear strength of reinforced concrete bridge columns.” Proc., 2nd Annual Seismic Research Workshop, California Department of Transportation, Division of Structures, Sacramento, Calif., 16–18.
Rodriguez, M. E., Botero, J. C., and Villa, J. (1999). “Cyclic stress-strain behavior of reinforcing steel including the effect of buckling.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(6), 605–612.
Saadatmanesh, H., Ehsani, M. R., and Jin, L. (1996). “Seismic strengthening of circular bridge pier models with fiber composites.” ACI Struct. J., 93(6), 639–647.
Saatcioglu, M., and Razvi, S. R. (1992). “Strength and ductility of confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 118(6), 1590–1607.
Seible, F., Priestley, M. J. N., Hegemier, G. A., and Innamorato, D. (1997). “Seismic retrofit of RC columns with continuous carbon fiber jackets.” J. Compos. Constr., 1(2), 52–62.
Seible, F., Priestley, M. J. N., and Innamorato, D. (1995). “Earthquake retrofit of bridge columns with continuous fiber jackets.” Proc., Design Guidelines, Advanced Composites Technology Transfer Consortium, Rep. No. ACTT-95/08, University of California, San Diego.
Sheikh, S. A., and Uzumeri, S. M. (1980). “Strength and ductility of tied concrete columns.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE, 106(5), 1079–1102.
Sheikh, S. A., and Uzumeri, S. M. (1982). “Analytical model for concrete confinement in tied columns.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE, 108(12), 2703–2722.
Taylor, A. W., and Breen, J. E. (1994). “Design recommendations for thin-walled box piers and pylons.” Concr. Int.16(12), 36–41.
Wang, S. J. (1999). “Seismic behavior of precast rectangular hollow columns.” MS thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (in Chinese).
Whittaker, D., Park, R., and Carr, A. J. (1987). “Experimental tests on hollow circular concrete columns for use in offshore concrete platforms.” Proc., Pacific Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Wellington, New Zealand, 1, 213–224.
Xiao, Y., and Ma, R. (1997). “Seismic retrofit of RC circular columns using prefabricated composite jacketing.” J. Struct. Eng., 123(10), 1357–1364.
Yao, S. H. (1998). “Flexural behavior of rectangular hollow columns.” MS thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (in Chinese).
Yeh, Y.-K., Mo, Y. L. , and Yang, C. Y. (2001). “Seismic performance of hollow circular bridge piers.” ACI Struct. J., 98(6), 862–871.
Yeh, Y.-K., Mo, Y. L. , and Yang, C. Y. (2002a). “Seismic performance of rectangular hollow bridge columns.” J. Struct. Eng., 128(1), 60–68.
Yeh, Y.-K., Mo, Y. L. , and Yang, C. Y. (2002b). “Full-scale tests on rectangular hollow bridge piers.” Mater. Struct., 35(246), 117-125.
Zahn, F. A., Park, R., and Priestley, M. J. N. (1990). “Flexural strength and ductility of circular hollow reinforced concrete columns without confinement on inside face.” ACI Struct. J., 87(2), 156–166.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Composites for Construction
Volume 9 • Issue 4 • August 2005
Pages: 327 - 336
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: Feb 23, 2004
Accepted: Nov 23, 2004
Published online: Aug 1, 2005
Published in print: Aug 2005
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.