Bioslurping Model for Assessing Light Hydrocarbon Recovery in Contaminated Unconfined Aquifer. I: Simulation Analysis
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management
Volume 7, Issue 2
Abstract
This study carries out a system-based assessment in search of the optimal operating strategy for light hydrocarbon recovery in a contaminated aquifer using bioslurping technology. A two-stage analytical framework involving a combined simulation/regression/optimization (S/R/O) modeling approach was designed to analyze, predict, and optimize the pumping volume with regard to the separate oil, water, and soil gas phases in the bioslurping process. The aim of the first-stage analysis is to calibrate and verify this newly developed bioslurping simulation model and to assess light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) recovery efficiency in a heterogeneous, anisotropic unconfined aquifer. Recovery system simulations using derived linear regression submodels present high potential for exhibiting, eliciting, and summarizing the nonlinear behavior between successive batch operations in predicting residual oil levels in the surface groundwater table for model calibration and verification. The research findings indicate that the statistical paired-sample T-tests confirm the prediction accuracy of the bioslurping model during calibration and verification procedures. The simulation results presented in this paper are proved useful for finding a relatively better operational scheme to minimize the indirect operational risk throughout the on-site remediation time period. The simulation results also provide a firm database to assist in an advanced optimization study in the second stage analysis for generating risk-informed, scientifically credible, and cost-effective solutions in remediation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abdul, A. S.(1988). “Migration of petroleum products through sandy hydrogeologic systems.” Ground Water Monit. Rev., 8(4), 73–81.
Bass, D. H., Hastings, N. A., and Brown, R. A.(2000). “Performance of air sparging systems: a review of case studies.” J. Haz. Mat., 72, 101–119.
Catalan, L. J. J., and Dullien, F. A. L.(1995). “Application of gravity drainage to the recovery of residual LNAPL in homogeneous and lensed sand packs.” J. Contam. Hydrol., 18, 279–306.
Edwards, D. A., Liu, Z. B., and Luthy, R. G.(1994). “Surfactant solubilization of organic compounds in soil/aqueous systems.” J. Environ. Eng., 120(1), 5–22.
Esposito, S. J., and Thomson, N. R.(1998). “Two-phase flow and transport in a single fracture-porous medium system.” J. Contam. Hydrol., 37, 319–341.
Fountain, J. C., Klimek, A., Beikirch, M. G., and Middleton, T. M.(1991). “The use of surfactants for in situ extraction of organic pollutants from a contaminated aquifer.” J. Haz. Mater.,28, 295–312.
Fountain, J. C., Starr, R. C., Middleton, T., Beikirch, M., Taylor, C., and Hodge, D.(1996). “A controlled field test of surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation.” Ground Water, 34, 910–916.
Grubb, D. G., and Sitar, N. (1995). “Review of technologies for in-situ cleanup of DNAPLs.” Proc., Specialty Conf. on Geotechnical Practice in Waste Disposal, ASCE, 1646–1662.
Gellar, J. T., and Hunt, J. R.(1993). “Mass transfer from nonaqueous phase liquids in water-saturated porous media.” Water Resour. Res., 29, 833–845.
Hoeppel, R., and Place, M. (1998a). “Application guide for bioslurping. Volume I: Summary of the principles and practices of bioslurping.” TM-2300-ENV, Naval Facilities, Engineering Service Center, Port Hueneme, Calif.
Hoeppel, R. and Place, M. (1998b). “Application guide for bioslurping. Volume II: Summary of the principles and practices of bioslurping.” TM-2300-ENV, Naval Facilities, Engineering Service Center, Port Hueneme, Calif.
Jackson, R. E., and Mariner, P. E.(1995). “Estimating DNAPL composition and VOC dilution form extraction well data.” Ground Water, 33, 407–414.
Johnson, R. L., Johnson, P. C., and McWorter, D. B.(1993). “An overview of in situ air sparging.” Groundwater Monit. Rem.,13, 127–135.
Julio, S. S. D., and Shallenberger, W. H.(2001). “Bioslurping-horizontal radial flow-theory and experimental validation.” J. Haz. Substance Res.,3, 1–19.
Katyal, A. K., and King, L. G. (1988). “Three dimensional upstream finite element model for reactive solute transport in variably saturated porous media.” Proc., Int. Summer Meeting of the ASAE, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Mich.
Kueper, B. H., and McWhorter, D. B.(1991). “The behavior of dense, nonaqueous phase liquids in fractured clay and rock.” Ground Water, 29, 716–728.
Lesson, A., and Hinchee, R. E. (1997). Soil bioventing practices, CRC, Boca Raton, Fla.
Matthew, C. P., Christopher, T. C., Abraham, S. C. C., Ronaid, E. H., and Stephen, H. R. (2001). Principles and practices of bioslurping. Battelle, Columbus.
Miller, R. R. (1996). “Bioslurping.” Groundwater Remediation Technology Analysis Center Rep. No. TO-96-05, Concurrent Technology Corporation, St. Augustine, Fla.
Mackay, D. M., and Cherry, J. A.(1989). “Groundwater contamination: pumping-and-treat remediation.” Environ. Sci. Technol., 23, 630–636.
Mackay, D. M., Feenstra, S., and Cherry, J. A. (1993). “Alternative goals and approaches for groundwater remediation.” Proc., Workshop on Contaminated Soils-Risks and Remedies, 35–47.
Marley, M. C., Hazebrouk, D. J., and Walsh, M. T.(1992). “The application of in situ air sparging as an innovative soil and groundwater remediation technology.” Groundwater Monit. Rev.,12, 70–83.
Oolman, T., Godard, S. T., Pope, G. A., Jin, M., and Kirchner, K.(1995). “DNAPL flow behavior in a contaminated aquifer: evaluation of field data.” Groundwater Monit. Rem., 15, 125–137.
Powers, S. E., Loureiro, C. O., Abriola, L. M., and Weber, Jr., W. J.(1991). “Theoretical study of the significance of nonequilibrium dissolution of nonaqueous phase liquids in subsurface system.” Water Resour. Res., 27, 463–477.
Ralph, S. B., and John B. (1996). “Bioslurping LNAPL Contamination.” Pollution Engineering, 〈http://www.pollutionengineering.com/archives/1996/〉.
Rathfelder, K., Yeh, W. G., and Mackey, D.(1991). “Mathematical simulation of soil vapor extraction systems: model development and numerical examples.” J. Contam. Hydrol., 8, 263–297.
Resources and Systems International. (2002). Bioslurping modeling software manual, Blacksburg, Va.
Rosansky, S. H. (2000). Bioslurping implementation and applications, 〈http://erb.nfesc.navy.mil/erb_|A3;a/restoration/technologies/remed/comb_|A3;mech/pres_|A3;cioslurp-imp.pdf〉.
Rouse, J. D., Sabatini, D. A., Suflita, J. M., and Harwell, J. H.(1994). “Influence of surfactants on microbial degradation of organic compounds.” Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol.,24, 325–370.
Roy, D., Kommalapati, R. R., Valsaraj, K. T., and Constant, W. D.(1995). “Soil flushing of residual transmission fluid: application of colloidal gas apron suspensions and conventional surfactant solutions.” Water Res., 29(2), 589–595.
Schwille, F. (1971). “Groundwater pollution by mineral oil products.” Proc., Moscow Symp., AISH, 226–239.
Underwood, J. L., Debelak, K. A., and Wilson, D. J.(1993). “Soil clean up by in-situ surfactant flushing: reclamation of surfactant for recycle.” Sep. Sci. Technol., 28, 1647–1669.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). (1997). “Cleaning up the nation’s water sites.” Markets and Technology Trends, Washington, D.C.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). (1999). Remediation technology screening matrix, Version 3.0: 4.39 Bioslurping, Washington, D.C.
Van Genuchten, M. Th., and Wierenga, P. J.(1976). “Mass transfer studies in sorbing media. I: Analytical solutions.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 40, 473–480.
Webb, S. W., and Phelan, J. M.(1997). “Effect of soil layering on NAPL removal behavior in soil-heated vapor extraction.” J. Contam. Hydrol., 27, 285–308.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management
Volume 7 • Issue 2 • April 2003
Pages: 114 - 130
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 4, 2002
Accepted: Dec 12, 2002
Published online: Mar 14, 2003
Published in print: Apr 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.