Abstract
Difficulty in predicting the transfer of load from a structural element to the surrounding soil has limited the reliability of geotechnical design and performance. The remaining uncertainty in load transfer mechanics is primarily due to the localized nature of the mechanism. This study examines localized soil-structure interaction through a series of monotonic direct interface shear tests. Parameters investigated include relative density, particle angularity, particle hardness, surface roughness, normal stress, and normal stiffness. The soil-structure interface behavior is quantified in terms of the local two-dimensional displacement and strain distributions within the test specimens using particle image velocimetry. In addition, the localized zone of soil adjacent to the structural surface within which shear and volumetric strains occur is quantified. The relative density of the soil, and the relationship between particle characteristics (angularity and hardness) and surface roughness are shown to have the greatest effect on local interface behavior, followed by confining stress and stiffness conditions.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers thank David White for consultation regarding the implementation of GeoPIV.
References
Adrian, R. J. (1991). “Particle imaging techniques for experimental fluid mechanics.” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 23, 261–304.
ASTM. (2004). Annual book of standards, Vol. 4, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa.
Boulon, M., and Foray, P. (1986). “Physical and numerical simulation of lateral shaft friction along offshore piles in sand.” Proc., 3rd Int. Conf. in Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, Institut Francais du Petrole, Nantes, France, 127–147.
Brumund, W. F., and Leonards, G. A. (1973). “Experimental study of static and dynamic friction between sand and typical construction materials.” J. Test. Eval., 1(2), 162–165.
Butterfield, R., Harkness, R. M., and Andrawes, K. Z. (1970). “A stereo-photogrammetric method for measuring displacement fields.” Geotechnique, 20(3), 308–314.
Christoph, G. G. (2005). “Influence of particle properties and initial specimen state on one-dimensional compression and hydraulic conductivity at elevated stress levels.” MS thesis, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass.
DeJong, J. T. (2001). “Investigation of particulate-continuum interface mechanisms and their assessment through a multi-friction sleeve penetrometer attachment.” Ph.D. thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta.
DeJong, J. T., Frost, J. D., and Sacs, M. (2000). “Relating quantitative measures of surface roughness and hardness to geomaterial interface strength.” Proc., GeoEng2000 (CD-ROM), Sydney, Australia.
DeJong, J. T., White, D. J., and Randolph, M. F. (2003). “Interface load transfer degradation during cyclic loading: A microscale investigation.” Soils Found., 43(4), 81–93.
DeJong, J. T., White, D. J., and Randolph, M. F. (2006). “Microstructure observation and modelling of soil-structure interface behavior using PIV.” Soils Found., 46(1), 15–28.
Desai, C. S., Drumm, E. C., and Zaman, M. M. (1985). “Cyclic testing and modeling of interfaces.” J. Geotech. Eng., 111(6), 793–815.
Fakharian, K., and Evgin, E. (1996). “An automated apparatus for three-dimensional monotonic and cyclic testing of interfaces.” Geotech. Test. J., 19(1), 22–31.
Fakharian, K., and Evgin, E. (1997). “Cyclic simple-shear behavior of sand-steel interfaces under constant normal stiffness condition.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 123(12), 1096–1105.
Fioravante, V., Ghionna, V. N., Jamiolkowski, M., and Sarri, H. (1999). “Shaft friction modeling of non-displacement piles in sand.” ASCE GSP No. 88: Analysis, design, construction, and testing of deep foundations, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Frost, J. D., DeJong, J. T., and Recalde, M. (2002). “Shear failure behavior of granular-continuum interfaces.” Eng. Fract. Mech., 69(17), 2029–2048.
Gennaro, V. D., and Lerat, P. (1999). “Soil-structure interface behavior under cyclic loading.” Pre-failure deformation characteristics of geomaterials, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 83–189.
Hardin, B. O. (1985). “Crushing of soil particles.” J. Geotech. Eng., 111(10), 1177–1192.
Kishida, H., and Uesugi, M. (1987). “Tests of the interface between sand and steel in the simple shear apparatus.” Geotechnique, 37(1), 45–52.
Paikowsky, S. G., Player, C. M., and Connors, P. J. (1995). “A dual interface apparatus for testing unrestricted friction of soil along solid surfaces.” Geotech. Test. J., 18(2), 168–193.
Potyondy, J. G. (1961). “Skin friction between various soils and construction materials.” Geotechnique, 11, 339–355.
Rechenmacher, A. L., and Saab, N. A. (2002). “Digital image correlation (DIC) to evaluate progression and uniformity of shear bands in dilative sands.” Proc., 15th Conf. ASCE Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Shahrour, I., Rezaie, F., and Nauroy, J.-F. (1999). “Experimental study of the behavior of calcareous sand: Structure interface.” Engineering for calcareous sediments, Al-Shafei, ed., Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 69–77.
Uesugi, M., and Kishida, H. (1986). “Influential factors of friction between steel and dry sands.” Soils Found., 26(2), 33–46.
Uesugi, M., Kishida, H., and Tsubakihara, Y. (1988). “Behavior of sand particles in sand—Steel friction.” Soils Found., 28(1), 107–118.
Uesugi, M., Kishida, H., and Tsubakihara, Y. (1989). “Friction between sand and steel under repeated loading.” Soils Found., 29(3), 127–137.
Uesugi, M., Kishida, H., and Uchikawa, Y. (1990). “Friction between dry sand and concrete under monotonic and repeated loading.” Soils Found., 30(1), 115–128.
Ward, H. C. (1999). Rough surfaces, T. R. Thomas, ed., Longman’s, London.
Westgate, Z. J. (2005). “Analysis of granular soil—structure interface evolution using particle image velocimetry.” MS thesis, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass.
Westgate, Z. J., and DeJong, J. T. (2004). “Particle crushing at the soil—Structure interface during cyclic loading.” Proc., Engineering Mechanics Conf., ASCE, Deleware.
White, D. J., Take, W. A., and Bolton, M. D. (2003). “Soil deformation measurement using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and photogrammetry.” Geotechnique, 53(7), 619–631.
Yoshimi, Y., and Kishida, T. (1981). “A ring torsion apparatus for evaluating friction between soil and metal surfaces.” Geotech. Test. J., 4(4), 145–152.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 5, 2006
Accepted: Feb 21, 2009
Published online: Oct 15, 2009
Published in print: Nov 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.