Liquefaction and Deformation Analyses Using a Total Stress Approach
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 134, Issue 8
Abstract
Estimating deformations due to seismically induced liquefaction is often accomplished with a series of simplified uncoupled analyses. An alternative approach is presented in this paper that builds upon this common practice while making significant improvements to the modeling quality. A two-dimensional finite-difference analysis is performed in the time domain using a simple plasticity-based constitutive model. The triggering of liquefaction is assessed in each element by continuously weighting the cyclic shear stress history. Liquefaction is initially predicted in the most susceptible elements and then progressively spreads as the earthquake continues. The properties of liquefied elements are adjusted at the instant of liquefaction to reflect the anticipated loss of strength and stiffness. Dynamic equilibrium is always maintained so that computed deformations are rationally affected by the structural response, progressing liquefaction, and gravity forces. The method is demonstrated through application to the Upper San Fernando Dam and its response to the San Fernando earthquake of 1971. The objective of this approach is to achieve a practical balance between a rigorous numerical and theoretical analysis and currently accepted practice.
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Acknowledgments
The encouragement and suggestions from the geotechnical community in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, during the development of this approach is greatly appreciated. Adrian Wightman, Ernest Naesgaard, and representatives of BC Hydro, Golder Associates, Klohn Crippen, and Thurber Engineering deserve special mention.
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Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 134 • Issue 8 • August 2008
Pages: 1059 - 1072
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Apr 11, 2005
Accepted: Aug 14, 2007
Published online: Aug 1, 2008
Published in print: Aug 2008
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