TECHNICAL PAPERS
Mar 1, 2006

Laboratory Simulation of Field Sampling: Comparison With Ideal Sampling and Field Data

Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132, Issue 3

Abstract

Tube sampling disturbance effects are investigated in this paper based on the results of constant rate of strain consolidation tests and unconsolidated undrained triaxial compression tests conducted on resedimented Boston blue clay sampled in the laboratory using a specifically designed device and employing various tubes differing in size, diameter to thickness ratio, and tip geometry. The effects of tube geometry were assessed based on comparison of the residual effective stresses, the reconsolidation strains, the undrained strength, and the one-dimensional drained compression behavior. Increasing degradation in the engineering properties was observed with decreasing diameter to thickness ratio (Bt) , and the negative impact of a blunt tip geometry could not be compensated for even by a substantial increase in Bt . Comparison of these results to those obtained from triaxial element tests in which disturbance was simulated according to the ideal sampling approach (ISA), indicated that tube sampling is associated with far greater disturbances than what is accounted for by the ISA. Further, additional comparisons with the results of tests run on actual field samples of low over consolidation ratio Boston blue clay from two sites in the Boston area indicate that the behavior observed in the laboratory sampled soil is generally representative of actual field data.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The writers wish to thank Dr. Doug Cauble, former MIT PhD student, who designed the apparatus used to perform the model sampling; Haley and Aldrich Inc. who provided the data from the CA/T site; and the National Science Foundation that provided funding (Grant No. NSF9114447-MSS) for part of the work presented in this paper.

References

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (2000). “Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil.” Annual Book of ASTM Standards, D2166: Vol. 4.08, Philadelphia.
Baligh, M. M. (1985). “Strain path method.” J. Geotech. Eng., 111(9), 1108–1136.
Baligh, M. M., Azzouz, A. S., and Chin, C.-T. (1987). “Disturbance due to ideal’ tube sampling.” J. Geotech. Eng., 113(7), 739–757.
Becker, D. E., Crooks, J. H. A., Been, K., and Jefferies, M. G. (1987). “Work as a criterion for determining in situ and yield stresses in clays.” Can. Geotech. J., 24(4), 549–564.
Berman, D. R. (1993). “Characterization of the engineering properties of Boston blue clay at the MIT campus.” S.M. thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Cauble, D. F. (1996). “An experimental investigation of the behavior of a model suction caisson in a cohesive soil.” PhD thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Chin, C. T. (1986). “Open-ended pile penetration in saturated clays.” PhD thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Clayton, C. R. I., Hight, D. W., and Hopper, R. J. (1992). “Progressive destructuring of Bothkennar clay: Implications for sampling and reconsolidation procedures.” Géotechnique, 42(2), 219–239.
Clayton, C. R. I., and Siddique, A. (1999). “Tube sampling disturbance—forgotten truths and new perspectives.” Geotech. Eng., 137(3), 127–135.
Clayton, C. R. I., Siddique, A., and Hopper, R. J. (1998). “Effects of sampler design on tube sampling disturbance—numerical and analytical investigations.” Géotechnique, 48(6), 847–867.
Cotecchia, F., and Chandler, R. J. (2000). “A general framework for the mechanical behaviour of clays.” Géotechnique, 50(4), 431–447.
Estabrook, A. H. (1991). “Comparison of recompression and SHANSEP strength-deformation properties of undisturbed Boston blue clay from automated triaxial testing.” SM thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Force, E. A. (1998). “Factors controlling pore-pressure generation during K0 -consolidation of laboratory tests.” SM thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Georgiannou, V. N., and Hight, D. W. (1994). “The effects of centerline tube sampling strains on the undrained behavior of two stiff overconsolidated clays.” Geotech. Test. J., 17(4), 475–482.
Graham, J., and Lau, S. L.-K. (1988). “Influence of stress release disturbance, storage, and reconsolidation procedures on the shear behaviour of reconstituted underwater clay.” Géotechnique, 38(2), 279–300.
Haley and Aldrich Inc. (1993). “Final report on special laboratory and in situ testing program, Central Artery (I-93)/Tunnel (I-90) project, Boston, Massachusetts.” Rep. File No. 10360-40, Cambridge, Mass.
Hight, D. W., Boese, R., Butcher, A. P., Clayton, C. R. I., and Smith, P. R. (1992). “Disturbance of the Bothkennar clay prior to laboratory testing.” Géotechnique, 42(2), 199–217.
Hird, C. C., and Hajj, A. R. (1995). “A simulation of tube sampling effects on the stiffness of clays.” Geotech. Test. J., 18(1), 3–14.
Hvorslev, M. J. (1949), “Subsurface exploration and sampling of soils for civil engineering purposes.” Rep. on a Research Project of ASCE, U.S. Army Engineer Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
Kallstenius, T. (1958). “Mechanical disturbances in clay samples taken with piston samplers.” Royal Swedish Geotechnical Institude Proc., No. 16, 1–75.
Kirkpatrick, W. M., and Khan, A. J. (1984). “The reaction of clays to sampling stress relief.” Géotechnique, 34(1), 29–42.
Ladd, C. C., and De Groot, D. J. (2003). “Recommended practice for soft ground site characterization.” Proc., Soil and Rock America, 12th Panamerican Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Cambridge, Mass, Vol. 1, 3–56.
Ladd, C. C., and Lambe, T. W. (1963). “The strength of undisturbed clay determined from undrained tests.” Proc., Symp. on Laboratory Shear Testing of Soils, Ottawa, ASTM, STP Vol. 361, 342–371.
Ladd, C. C., Young, G. A., Kraemer, S. R., and Burke, D. M. (1999). “Engineering properties of Boston blue clay from special testing program.” Conf. Proc., Special Geotechnical Testing: Central Artery/Tunnel Project in Boston, Massachusetts, Geotechnical Special Publication 91, J. K. Lambrechts, ed., ASCE, Reston, Va., 1–24.
La Rochelle, P., Sarrailh, J., Tavenas, F., Roy, M., and Leroueil, S. (1981). “Causes of sampling disturbance and design of a new sampler.” Can. Geotech. J., 18(1), 52–66.
Lunne, T., Berre, T., and Strandvik, S. (1997). “Sample disturbance effects in soft low plastic Norwegian clays.” Recent developments in soil and pavement mechanics, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 81–102.
Santagata, M. C. (1994). “Simulation of sampling disturbance in soft clays using triaxial element tests.” MS thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Santagata, M. C. (1998). “Factors affecting the initial stiffness and stiffness degradation of cohesive soils.” PhD thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Santagata, M. C., and Germaine, J. T. (2002). “Sampling disturbance effects in normally consolidated clays.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 128(12), 997–1006.
Santagata, M. C., and Germaine, J. T. (2005). “Effect of OCR on sampling disturbance of cohesive soils and evaluation of laboratory reconsolidation procedures.” Can. Geotech. J., 42(2), 459–474.
Sheahan, T. C., Ladd, C. C., and Germaine, J. T. (1996). “Rate-dependent undrained shear behavior of saturated clay.” J. Geotech. Eng., 122(2), 99–108.
Siddique, A., Clayton, C. R. I., and Hopper, R. J. (1999). “The effects of varying centerline tube sampling disturbance on the behavior of reconstituted clay.” Geotech. Test. J., 22(3), 245–256.
Siddique, A., Farooq, S. M., and Clayton, C. R. I. (2000). “Disturbances due to tube sampling in coastal soils.”J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 126(6), 568–574.
Sinfield, J. V. (1994). “An experimental investigation of sampling disturbance effects in resedimented Boston blue clay.” MS thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
Skempton, A. W., and Sowa, V. A. (1963). “The behaviour of saturated clays during sampling and testing.” Géotechnique, 23(4), 269–290.
Terzaghi, K., Peck, R. B., and Mesri, G. (1996). Soil mechanics in engineering practice, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 132Issue 3March 2006
Pages: 351 - 362

History

Received: Mar 4, 2005
Accepted: Aug 15, 2005
Published online: Mar 1, 2006
Published in print: Mar 2006

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Marika Santagata, M.ASCE [email protected]
Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051 (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
Joseph V. Sinfield, M.ASCE [email protected]
Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue Univ., 550 Stadium Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051. E-mail: [email protected]
John T. Germaine, M.ASCE [email protected]
Principal Research Associate, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share