TECHNICAL PAPERS
Feb 1, 2005

Numerical Modeling of Pipe–Soil Interaction under Oblique Loading

Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 131, Issue 2

Abstract

This paper studies pipe–soil interaction for pipelines subjected to combined horizontal and vertical (upward) movements in the oblique direction. An associative, hardening elasto–plasticity model is proposed in the horizontal–vertical (pq) load space for pipes buried in clay. The failure surface is proposed based on experimental observations. Involving seven parameters that can be determined either experimentally or based on the recommendations of ASCE guidelines, the proposed approach reproduces the key features of force–displacement responses obtained from continuum finite element analyses for pipes of different sizes and various burial depth ratios.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The writer wishes to acknowledge funding provided by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. He also thanks Dr. R. Phillips, Director of Geotechnical Engineering at C-CORE, and Dr. R. Popescu, Memorial University of Newfoundland, for many enlightening discussions on the physics and numerical modelling of pipe-soil interactions.

References

American Lifeline Alliance (ALA) (2002). Guidelines for the design of buried pipe. ⟨www.americanlifelinealliance.org⟩.
Audibert, J. M. E., Lai, N. W., and Bea, R. G. (1978). “Design of pipelines to resist seafloor instabilities and hydrodynamic forces.” Proc., Energy Technology Conf. and Exhibition, Houston, Paper 78-PET-37.
Audibert, J. M. E., and Nyman, K. J. (1977). “Soil restraint against horizontal motion of pipes.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 103(10), 1119–1142.
Bathe, K. J., and Wilson, E. L. (1976). Numerical methods in finite element analysis, Prentice–Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Bransby, M. F., and Randolph, M. F. (1998). “Combined loading of skirted foundations.” Geotechnique, 48(5), 637–655.
Committee on Gas and Liquid Fuel Lifelines of the ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering (1984). Guidelines for the seismic design of oil and gas pipeline systems, ASCE, New York.
Das, B. M. (1985). “Resistance of shallow inclined anchors in clay.” Up lift behavior of anchor foundations in soil, S. M. Clemence, ed., ASCE, New York, 86–101.
Fernando, N. S. M., and Carter, J. P. (1998). “Elastic analysis of buried pipes under surface patch loadings.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(8), 720–728.
Guo, P., and Popescu, R. (2002). “Trench effects on pipe/soil interaction.” Proc., 2nd Canadian Specialty Conf. on Computer Applications in Geotechnique, Winnipeg, Canada, 261–269.
Hansen, J. B. (1961). “The ultimate resistance of rigid piles against transversal forces.” Bulletin No. 12, Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, 5–9.
Hibbit, Karlsson, & Sorensen, Inc. (HKS). (2000). ABAQUS theory manual, Version 6.1.
Hsu, T.-W. (1995). “Soil restraint against oblique motion of pipelines in sand.” Can. Geotech. J., 33, 180–188.
Karadeniz, H. (1997). “Interface beam element for the analyses of soil-structure interactions and pipelines.” Proc., 7th Int. Offshore and Polar Engineering Conf., Vol. 2, 286–292.
Mackenzie, T. R. (1955). “Strength of deadman anchors in clay.” MSc thesis, Princeton Univ., Princeton, N.J.
Martin, C. M., and Houlsby, G. T. (2001). “Combined loading of spudcan foundations on clay: Numerical modelling.” Geotechnique, 51(8), 687–699.
Matlock, H. (1970). “Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay.” Proc., 2nd Offshore Technology Conf., Houston, Paper No. OTC 1204, 577–594.
Meyerhof, G. G. (1973). “Uplift resistance of inclined anchors and piles.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. SMFE, Moscow, Vol. 2, 167–172.
Meyerhof, G. G., and Hanna, A. M. (1978). “Ultimate bearing capacity of foundation on layered soil under inclined load.” Can. Geotech. J., 15(4), 565–572.
Ng, P. C.F. (1994). “Behaviour of buried pipelines subjected to external loading.” PhD thesis, Univ. of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.
Nova, R., and Montrasio, L. (1991). “Settlements of shallow foundations on sand.” Geotechnique, 41(2), 243–256.
Nyman, K. J. (1982). “Soil response against the horizontal-vertical motion of pipes.” Preprint 82-534, Presented at Proc. ASCE National Convention, New Orleans.
Ovesen, N. K. (1964). “Anchor slabs, calculation methods and model tests.” Bulletin No. 16, The Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Paulin, M. J. (1998). “An investigation into pipelines subjected to lateral soil loading.” PhD thesis, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Canada.
Paulin, M. J., Phillips, R., Clark, J. I., Trigg, A., and Konuk, I. (1998). “A full-scale investigation into pipeline/soil interaction.” Proc., 1998 Int. Pipeline Conf., ASME, Calgary, AB, Canada, Vol. 2, 779–787.
Popescu, R., and Konuk, I. (2001). “3D finite element analysis of rigid pipe interaction with clay.” Proc. 10th Int. Conf. Computer Methanics Advances Geomechanics, Tucson, Ariz., Vol. 2, 1203–1208.
Popescu, R., Phillips, R., Konuk, I., Guo, P., and Nobahar, A. (2002). “Pipe–soil interaction: large-scale tests and numerical modeling.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Physical Modelling in Geotechnique, ICPMG’02, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, 917–922.
Ranjan, G., and Aurora, V. B. (1980). “Model studies on anchors under horizontal pull in clay.” Proc., 3rd Australia, New Zealand Conf. on Geomechanics, Vol. 1, 65–70.
Reese, L. C., and Casbarian, A. O. P. (1968). “Pipe soil interaction for a buried offshore pipeline.” Paper SPE 2343, Presented at the Proc., 43rd Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, Houston.
Rizkalla, M., Poorooshasb, F., and Clark, J. I. (1992). “Centrifuge modelling of lateral pipeline/soil interaction.” Proc., 11th Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering Symp.
Rowe, R. K., and Davis, E. H. (1982). “The behaviour of anchor plates in clay.” Geotechnique, 32(1), 9–23.
Scarpelli, G., Sakellariadi, E., and Furlani, G. (1999). “Longitudinal pipeline-soil interaction: results from field full scale and laboratory testing.” Panel Contribution in the Proc. of 12th ECSMGE, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Taiebat, H. A., and Carter, G. T. (2000). “Numerical studies of the bearing capacity of shallow foundations on cohesive soil subjected to combined loading.” Geotechnique, 50(4), 409–418.
Tohda, J., Li, L., and Yoshimura, H. (1994). “FE elastic analysis of earth pressure on buried flexible pipelines.” Proc., Centrifuge ’94, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 727–732.
Trautmann, C. H., and O’Rourke, T. D. (1985). “Lateral force–displacement response of buried pipe.” J. Geotech. Eng., 111(9), 1077–1092.
Trautmann, C. H., O’Rourke, T. D., and Kulhawy, F. H. (1985). “Uplift force–displacement response of buried pipe.” J. Geotech. Eng., 111(9), 1061–1076.
Tuskamoto, Y. (1999). “Some aspects of the behaviour of offshore footings on sand.” Geotechnique, 49(4), 503–514.
Vesic, A. S. (1971). “Breakout resistance of objects embedded in ocean bottom.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 97(9), 1183–1205.
Whitman, R. V., and Richart, F. E. (1967). “Design procedures for dynamically loaded foundations.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 93(6), 169–193.
Winkler, E. (1867). “Die lehre von elastizitat und festigkeit (teaching on elasticity and stiffness).” Prague, Czechoslovakia.
Workman, G. H. (1992). “Design study of submerged sidebend response.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. Offshore Mechanical Arctic Engineering, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Vol. 5, 367–373.
Zhang, J., Stewart, D. P., and Randolph, M. F. (2002). “Modelling of shallow embedded offshore pipelines in calcareous sand.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 128(5), 363–371.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 131Issue 2February 2005
Pages: 260 - 268

History

Received: Oct 24, 2002
Accepted: Jun 16, 2004
Published online: Feb 1, 2005
Published in print: Feb 2005

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Peijun Guo
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, McMaster Univ., 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4L7. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share