Design Loading on Deeply Buried Box Culverts
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 131, Issue 1
Abstract
The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standard specifications for highway bridges and AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications stipulate the computation of the design load on the box culvert primarily based on research by Marston and Spangler. Although this procedure may be applied conservatively for most ordinary culverts, an opportunity exists to evaluate a more realistic soil-structure interaction behavior based on modern finite element analyses of deeply buried concrete box culverts. The Duncan soil model, represented by hyperbolic stress–strain curves, has been used for properties of backfill and in situ soil. The backfill heights are varied from for the embankment condition and for the trench condition. An optimum combination of parameters has been identified for use in the imperfect trench installation method. The data from several hundred hypothetical models with various parameters under three typical installation methods, i.e., embankment, trench, and imperfect trench installation are characterized and quantified using regression analysis.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgment
Funding for this research project was provided by the Highway Research Center, Auburn University. This financial support is gratefully acknowledged.
References
ABAQUS Standard user’s manual version 5.8 (1998). Hibbit, Karlsson & Sorensen, Inc., Pawtucket, RI.
Allen, D. L., and Meade, B. W. (1984). “Analysis of loads and settlements for reinforced concrete culverts.” UKTRP-84-22, Kentucky Transportation Research Program, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Inc. (AASHTO). (1983). AASHTO standard specifications for highway bridges, 13th Ed., Washington, D.C.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Inc. (AASHTO). (1997). AASHTO standard specifications for highway bridges, 12th Ed., Washington, D.C.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Inc. (AASHTO). (1998). AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications, 2nd Ed., Washington, D.C.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Inc. (AASHTO). (2002). AASHTO standard specifications for highway bridges, 17th Ed., Washington, D.C.
Brown, C. B. (1967). “Forces on rigid culverts under high fills.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE, 93(5), 195–215.
Chang, C. S., Espinoza, J. M., and Selig, E. T. (1980). “Computer analysis of Newtown creek culvert.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, 106(5), 531–556.
Duncan, J. M., Byrne, P., Wong, K. S., and Mabry, P. (1980). “Strength, stress–strain and bulk modulus parameters for finite element analysis of stresses and movements in soil masses.” UCB/Gt/80-01, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Duncan, J. M., and Chang, C. Y. (1970). “Nonlinear analysis of stress and strain on soils.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE, 96(5), 1629–1653.
Hardin, B. O. (1971). “Characterization and use of shear stress-strain relations for airfield subgrade and base course material.” AFN-TR-71-60, Air Force Weapons Laboratory, Kirkland AFB, N.M.
Katona, M. G., Smith, J. M., Odello, R. S., and Allgood, J. R. (1976). “CANDE—A modern approach for the structural design and analysis of buried culverts.” FHWA-RD-77-5, Federal Highway Administration, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, McLean, Va.
Katona, M. G., and Vittes, P. D. (1982). “Soil–structure analysis and evaluation of buried box-culvert designs.” Transp. Res. Rec., 878, Transporation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1–7.
Kim, K., and Yoo, C. H. (2002a). “Design loading for deeply buried box culverts.” Proc., 21st Southeastern Conf. on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Univ. of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla., 83–92.
Kim, K., and Yoo, C. H. (2002b). “Design loading for deeply buried box culverts.” IR-02-03, Highway Research Center, Auburn Univ., Auburn, Ala.
Kondner, R. L. (1963). “Hyperbolic stress–strain response: Cohesive soils.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., ASCE, 98(1), 115–143.
Kulhawy, F. H., Duncan, J. M., and Seed, H. B. (1969). “Finite element analysis of stresses and movements in embankments during construction.” TE-69-4, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Marston, A. (1930). “The theory of external loads on closed conduits in the light of the latest experiments.” Bulletin 96, Iowa Engineering Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa.
Marston, A., and Anderson, A. O. (1913). “The theory of loads on pipes in ditches and tests of cement and clay drain tile and sewer pipes.” Bulletin 31, Iowa Engineering Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa.
McVay, M. C., and Selig, E. T. (1981). “Soil model and finite element boundary studies.” ACP81-283I, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass.
Musser, S. C. (1989). “CANDE-89 user manual.” FHWA-RD-89-169, Federal Highway Administration, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, McLean, Va.
Ozawa, Y., and Duncan, J. M. (1973). “ISBILD: A computer program for analysis of static stresses and movements in embankment.” TE-73-4, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Selig, E. T. (1972). “Subsurface soil-structure interaction: A synopsis.” Highw. Res. Rec., 413, 1–4.
Spangler, M. G. (1950a). “A theory on loads on negative projecting conduits.” Proc., Highway Research Board, Vol. 30, 153–161, Washington, D.C.
Spangler, M. G. (1950b). “Field measurements of the settlement ratios of various highway culverts.” Bulletin 171, Iowa Engineering Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa.
Tadros, M. K., Benak, J. V., and Gilliland, M. K. (1989). “Soil pressure on box culverts.” ACI Struct. J., 86(4), 439–450.
Vaslestad, J., Johansen, T. H., and Holm, W. (1993). “Load reduction on rigid culverts beneath high fills: Long-term behavior.” Transp. Res. Rec., 1415, Transporation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 58–68.
Wong, K. S., and Duncan, J. M. (1974). “Hyperbolic stress–strain parameters for nonlinear finite element analysis of stresses and movements in soil masses.” TE-74-3, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2004 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 12, 2003
Accepted: May 10, 2004
Published online: Jan 1, 2005
Published in print: Jan 2005
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.