Model for Dynamic Shear Modulus and Damping for Granular Soils
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 126, Issue 10
Abstract
This paper presents a simple four-parameter model that can represent the shear modulus factors and damping coefficients for a granular soil subjected to horizontal shear stresses imposed by vertically propagating shear waves. The input parameters are functions of the confining pressure and density and have been derived from a generalized effective stress soil model referred to as MIT-S1. The predicted shear moduli and damping factors are in excellent agreement with high quality resonant column test data on remolded sands and confining pressures ranging from 30 kPa to 1.8 MPa. The proposed model has been implemented in a frequency domain computer code. By simulating the variations in stiffness and damping with confining pressure, the proposed model provides a more realistic simulation of ground amplification that does not filter out high frequency components of the base excitation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abrams, D. P., and Shinozuka, M. ( 1997). “Loss assessment of Memphis buildings.” Tech. Rep. NCEER-97-0018, Nat. Ctr. for Earthquake Engrg. Res., State University of New York, Buffalo, N.Y.
2.
Constantopoulos, I.V., Roesset, J. M. and Christian, J. T. ( 1973). “A comparison of linear and nonlinear analyses of soil amplification.” 5th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg.
3.
Dobry, R., Ladd, R. S., Yokel, F. Y., Chung, R. M., and Powell, D. ( 1982). “Prediction of pore water pressure buildup and liquefaction of sands during earthquakes using the cyclic strain method.” NBS Build. Sci. Ser. 138, National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md.
4.
Hardin, B. O. (1965). “The nature of damping in sands.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 91(1), 33–65.
5.
Hardin, B. O., and Drnevich, V. P. ( 1970). “Shear modulus and damping in soils: I. Measurement and parameter effects; II. Design equations and curves.” Tech. Rep. UKY 27-70-CE 2 and 3, Coll. of Engrg., University of Kentucky, Lexingtion, Ky.
6.
Hardin, B. O., and Drnevich, V. P. (1972a). “Shear modulus and damping in soils: Measurement and parameter effects.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 98(6), 603–624.
7.
Hardin, B. O., and Drnevich, V. P. (1972b). “Shear modulus and damping in soils: Design equations and curves.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 98(7), 667–692.
8.
Houlsby, G. T. ( 1985). “The use of a variable shear modulus in elastic-plastic models for clays.” Comp. and Geotechnics, 1(1), 3–21.
9.
Isenhower, W. M. ( 1979). “Torsional simple shear/resonant column properties of San Francisco Bay mud.” MS thesis, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex.
10.
Iwasaki, T., Tatsuoka, F., and Takagi, Y. ( 1978). “Shear moduli of sands under cyclic torsional shear loading.” Soils and Found., Tokyo, 18(1), 39–56.
11.
Jaky, J. ( 1948). “Pressure in silos.” Proc., 2nd ICSMFE, Vol. 1, 103–107.
12.
Kausel, E. ( 1992). “LAYSOL: A computer program for the dynamic analysis of layered soils.”
13.
Kausel, E., and Roësset, J. M. (1992). “Frequency domain analysis of undamped systems.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 118(4), 721–734.
14.
Kim, D. S. ( 1991). “Deformational characteristics of soils at small to intermediate strains from cyclic tests.” PhD dissertation, Geotech. Engrg., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex.
15.
Ladd, R. S. ( 1978). “Preparing test specimens using undercompaction.” Geotech. Testing J., 1(1), 16–23.
16.
Lade, P. V., and Nelson, R. B. ( 1987). “Modeling the elastic behavior of antigranulocytes materials.” Int. J. Numer. and Analytical Methods in Geomech., 11(5), 521–542.
17.
Laird, J. P., and Stokoe, K. H. ( 1993). “Dynamic properties of remolded and undisturbed soil samples tested at high confining pressures.” Geotech. Engrg. Rep. GR93-6, Electrical Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif.
18.
Lodde, P. F. ( 1982). “Shear moduli and material damping of San Francisco Bay mud.” MS thesis, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex.
19.
Loret, B., and Luong, M. P. ( 1982). “Double deformation mechanism for sand.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. Numer. Methods and Adv. in Geomech.
20.
Mesri, G., and Hayat, T. M. ( 1993). “The coefficient of earth pressure at rest.” CGJ, 30(4), 647–666.
21.
Ng, T. T., and Dobry, R. ( 1992). “A non-linear numerical model for soil mechanics.” Int. J. Numer. and Analytical Methods in Geomech., 16(4), 247–263.
22.
Ng, T. T., and Dobry, R. (1994). “Numerical simulations of monotonic and cyclic loading of granular soil.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 120(2), 388–403.
23.
Ni, S. H. ( 1987). “Dynamic properties of sand under true triaxial stress states from resonant column/torsional shear tests.” PhD dissertation, Geotech. Engrg., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Tex.
24.
Pestana, J. M. ( 1994). “A unified constitutive model for sands and clays.” ScD thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
25.
Pestana, J. M., and Whittle, A. J. ( 1994). “Model prediction of anisotropic clay behavior due to consolidation stress history.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. Comp. Methods and Adv. in Geomech.
26.
Pestana, J. M., and Whittle, A. J. ( 1995a). “Predicted effects of confining stress and density on shear behavior of sand.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. Computational Plasticity, Vol. 2, 2319–2330.
27.
Pestana, J. M., and Whittle, A. J. ( 1995b). “Compression model for cohesionless soils.” Géotechnique, London, 45(4), 611–631.
28.
Ray, R. P., and Woods, R. D. (1988). “Modulus and damping due to uniform and variable cyclic loading.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 114(8), 861–876.
29.
Schnabel, P. G., Lysmer, J., and Seed, H. B. ( 1972). “SHAKE. A computer program for earthquake response analysis of horizontally layered sites.” Rep. EERC 72-12, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., University of California, Berkeley, Richmond, Calif.
30.
Seed, H. B., and Idriss, I. M. ( 1970). “Soil moduli and damping factors for dynamic response analyses.” Rep. EERC 70-10, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., University of California, Berkeley, Richmond, Calif.
31.
Seed, H. B., Wong, R. T., Idriss, I. M., and Tokimatsu, T. ( 1984). “Moduli and damping factors for dynamic analyses of cohesionless soils.” Rep. EERC 84-14, Earthquake Engrg. Res. Ctr., University of California, Berkeley, Richmond, Calif.
32.
Seed, H. B., Wong, R. T., Idriss, I. M., and Tokimatsu, K. (1986). “Moduli and damping factors for dynamic analyses of cohesionless soils.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 112(11), 1016–1032.
33.
Shibata, T., and Soelarno, D. S. ( 1975). “Stress strain characteristics of sands under cyclic loading.” Proc., JSCE, Tokyo, 239, 57–65.
34.
Stokoe, K. H., Hwang, S. K., Lee, J. N., and Andrus, R. D. ( 1994). “Effects of various parameters on the stiffness and damping of soils at small to medium strains.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Prefailure Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials.
35.
Tatsuoka, F., Iwasaki, T., Fukushima, S., and Sudo, H. ( 1979). “Stress conditions and stress histories affecting shear modulus and damping of sand under cyclic loading.” Soils and Found., Tokyo, 19(2), 29–43.
36.
Whittle, A. J. ( 1987). “A constitutive model for overconsolidated clays with application to the cyclic loading of friction piles.” ScM thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 126 • Issue 10 • October 2000
Pages: 859 - 869
History
Received: Jun 10, 1999
Published online: Oct 1, 2000
Published in print: Oct 2000
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.