Automated Inversion Procedure for Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 8
Abstract
The usual inversion procedures for spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) testing assume that only one Rayleigh mode is dominant, and thus fail to give reliable results for irregular soil profiles and some complex pavement systems. A new inversion algorithm is presented that is based on the numerical simulation of an actual SASW test, thus enabling the contributions of all types of waves and their modes to be taken into account. The algorithm also benefits from a nonlinear minimization technique in addition to the current linearized minimization to improve robustness of the inversion. Artificial irregular profiles, including a profile with a softer layer trapped between two stiffer layers, a profile with a stiffer layer sandwiched between two softer layers, and a profile with softer layers at larger depths, as well as two experimental pavement profiles have all been successfully inverted.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abbiss, C. P.(1983). “Calculation of elasticities and settlements for longer periods of time and high strains from seismic measurements.”Geotechnique, 33, 397–405.
2.
Addo, K. O., and Robertson, P. K.(1992). “Shear-wave velocity measurement of soils using Rayleigh waves.”Can. Geotech. J., 29, 558–568.
3.
Aki, K., and Richardson, P. G. (1980). Quantitative seismology: Theory and methods. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, Calif.
4.
Al-Hunaidi, M. O.(1992). “Difficulties with phase spectrum unwrapping in spectral analysis of surface waves nondestructive testing of pavements.”Can. Geotech. J., 29, 506–511.
5.
Al-Hunaidi, M. O.(1994). “Analysis of dispersed multi-mode signals of the SASW method using multiple filter/cross correlation technique.”Soil Dyn. and Earthquake Engrg., 13(1), 13–24.
6.
Ballard, R. F. (1964). “Determination of soil shear moduli at depths by in-situ vibrator techniques.”Miscellaneous Paper 4-961, U.S. Army Engrs. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
7.
Bath, M. (1974). Spectral analysis in geophysics. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
8.
Brent, R. P. (1973). Algorithms for minimization without derivatives. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
9.
Dost, B.(1990). “Upper mantle structure under Western Europe from fundamental and higher mode surface waves using the NARS array.”Geophys. J. Int., 100, 131–151.
10.
Gabriels, P., Sneider, R., and Nolet, G.(1987). “In situ measurements of shear-wave velocity in sediments with higher-mode Rayleigh waves.”Geophys. Prospecting, 35, 187–196.
11.
Ganji, V. (1996). “An automated inversion procedure for surface wave testing,” PhD thesis, Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.
12.
Gucunski, N., Ganji, V., and Maher, M. H.(1996). “Effects of obstacles on Rayleigh wave dispersion obtained from the SASW test.”Soil Dyn. and Earthquake Engrg., 15, 223–231.
13.
Gucunski, N., and Woods, R. D. (1991). “Inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion curve for SASW test.”5th Int. Conf. on Soil Dyn. and Earthquake Engrg., 127–138.
14.
Gucunski, N., and Woods, R. D.(1992). “Numerical simulation of the SASW test.”Soil Dyn. and Earthquake Engrg. J., 11(4), 213–227.
15.
Harkrider, D. G.(1964). “Surface waves in multi-layered elastic media. I. Rayleigh and Love waves from buried sources in a multi-layered elastic half-space.”Bull., Seismological Soc. of Am., 54(2), 627–679.
16.
Haskell, N. A.(1953). “The dispersion of surface waves in multilayered media.”Bull., Seismological Soc. of Am., 43(1), 17–34.
17.
Heisey, J. S., Stokoe, K. H. II, Hudson, W. R., and Meyer, A. H. (1982a). “Determination of in situ shear wave velocities from spectral analysis of surface waves.”Res. Rep. 256-2, Ctr. for Transp. Res., Univ. of Texas at Austin.
18.
Heisey, J. S., Stokoe, K. H. II, and Meyer, A. H.(1982b). “Moduli of pavement systems from spectral analysis of surface waves.”Transp. Res. Rec., 852, 22–31.
19.
Heukelom, W., and Foster, C. R.(1960). “Dynamic testing of pavements.”J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 86(1), 1–28.
20.
Hossain, M. M., and Drnevich, V. P. (1989). “Numerical and optimization techniques applied to surface waves for backcalculation of layer moduli.”Nondestructive testing of pavements and backcalculation of moduli, ASTM STP 1026, A. J. Bush III, and G. Y. Baladi, eds., Am. Soc. for Testing and Mat., Philadelphia, Pa., 649–669.
21.
Jones, R.(1962). “Surface wave technique for measuring the elastic properties and thickness of roads: Theoretical developments.”J. Appl. Phys., 13, 21–29.
22.
Kausel, E. (1974). “Forced vibration of circular foundation on layered media.”Res. Rep. R74-11, Massachusetts Inst. of Technol., Cambridge, Mass.
23.
Kausel, E., and Peek, R.(1982). “Dynamic loads in the interior of a layered stratum: An explicit solution.”Bull., Seismological Soc. of Am., 72(5), 1459–1481.
24.
Kausel, E., and Roesset, J. M.(1981). “Stiffness matrices for layered soils.”Bull., Seismological Soc. of Am., 71, 1743–1761.
25.
Lysmer, J., and Waas, G.(1972). “Shear waves in plane infinite structures.”J. Engrg. Mech. Div., ASCE, 98, 85–105.
26.
McCormick, G. P. (1983). Nonlinear programming. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
27.
Nazarian, S. (1984). “In-situ determination of elastic moduli of soil deposits and pavement systems by spectral-analysis-of-surface-wave method,” PhD thesis, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Tex.
28.
Nazarian, S., Baker, M. R., and Crain, K. (1993). “Developing and testing a seismic pavement analyzer.”Tech. Rep. SHRP-H-375, Strategic Hwy. Res. Program, Washington, D.C.
29.
Nazarian, S., and Desai, M. R.(1993). “Automated surface wave method: Field testing.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 119(7), 1094–1111.
30.
Nolet, G., and Panza, G. F.(1976). “Array analysis of seismic surface waves: Limits and possibilities.”Pageoph, 114, 775–790.
31.
Roesset, J. M., Chang, D. W., and Stokoe, K. H. II. (1991). “Comparison of 2D and 3D models for analysis of surface wave tests.”5th Int. Conf. on Soil Dyn. and Earthquake Engrg., 111–126.
32.
Schwab, F. A., and Knopoff, L. (1972). “Seismic surface waves.”Methods in computational physics, B. A. Bolt, ed., Vol. 11, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, 87–180.
33.
Stokoe, K. H. II, Wright, S. G., Bay, J. A., and Roesset, J. M. (1994). “Characterization of geotechnical sites by SASW method.”Geotechnical characterization of sites, R. D. Woods, ed., Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India, 15–26.
34.
Thomson, W. T.(1950). “Transmission of elastic waves through a stratified solid medium.”J. Appl. Phys., 21(1), 89–93.
35.
Tokimatsu, K., Kuwayama, S., Tamura, S., and Miyadera, Y.(1991). “Vs determination from steady state Rayleigh wave method.”Soils and Found., 31(2), 153–163.
36.
Tokimatsu, K., Tamura, S., and Kojima, H.(1992). “Effects of multiple modes on Rayleigh wave dispersion characteristic.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 118(10), 1529–1543.
37.
Waas, G. (1972). “Earth vibration effects and abatement for military facilities.”Tech. Rep. S-71-14, U.S. Army Engrs. Wtrwy. Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
38.
Wiggins, R. A.(1972). “The general linear inverse problem: Implication of surface waves and free oscillations for Earth structure.”Rev. of Geophys. and Space Phys., 10, 251–285.
39.
Williams, T. P., and Gucunski, N.(1995). “Neural network for backcalculation of moduli from SASW test.”J. Comp. in Civ. Engrg., ASCE, 9(1), 1–8.
40.
Wolf, J. P. (1985). Dynamic soil-structure interaction. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
41.
Yuan, D., and Nazarian, S.(1993). “Automated surface wave method: Inversion technique.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 119(7), 1112–1126.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 124 • Issue 8 • August 1998
Pages: 757 - 770
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Aug 1, 1998
Published in print: Aug 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.