Selected Factors Influencing GCL Hydraulic Conductivity
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 8
Abstract
A series of confined swell and hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted on a needle-punched geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) with water as the hydrating medium and reference permeant. Increases in the static confining stress and the needle-punching both restricted GCL swell and contributed to lower bulk GCL void ratios and hence significantly lower hydraulic conductivity values. A well defined linear-log relationship is found between the bulk void ratio and hydraulic conductivity. The number of pore volumes of permeant flow and consequently the level of chemical equilibrium is shown to have a significant effect on the hydraulic conductivity. It is shown that there is a decrease in hydraulic conductivity for small amounts of permeant flow for all ethanol/water mixtures examined. At or near chemical equilibrium, low concentration mixtures (25 and 50 ethanol) continued to produce relative decreases in GCL hydraulic conductivity due to the increased viscosity of the permeant; however, highly concentrated mixtures (75 and 100 ethanol) produced relative increases in GCL hydraulic conductivity arising from double layer contraction. The implications are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Anderson, D. C., Crawley, W., and Zabcik, D. (1985). “Effects of various liquids on clay soil:bentonite slurry mixtures.”Spec. Publ. on Hydraulic Barriers in Soil and Rock; STP 874, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 93–101.
2.
Daniel, D. E., Shan, H. Y., and Anderson, J. D. (1993). “Effects of partial wetting on the performance of the bentonite component of a geosynthetic clay liner.”Proc., Geosynthetics '93, Industrial Fabrics Association International, St. Paul, Minn., 1483–1496.
3.
Dunn, R. J., and Mitchell, J. K.(1984). “Fluid conductivity testing of fine-grained soils.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 110(11), 41–65.
4.
Estornell, P., and Daniel, D. E.(1992). “Hydraulic conductivity of three geosynthetic clay liners.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 118(10), 1592–1606.
5.
Fernandez, F. (1989). “The effects of waste leachates on the hydraulic conductivity of natural clays,” PhD thesis, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
6.
Fernandez, F., and Quigley, R. M.(1988). “Viscosity and dielectric controls on the hydraulic conductivity of clayey soils permeated with water-soluble organics.”Can. Geotech. J., 25(3), 582–589.
7.
Fernandez, F., and Quigley, R. M.(1991). “Controlling the destructive effects of clay-organic liquid interactions by application of effective stress.”Can. Geotech. J., 28(3), 388–398.
8.
Garcin, P., Faure, Y. H., Gourc, J. P., and Purwanto, E. (1995). “Behaviour of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL): Laboratory tests.”Proc., 5th Int. Landfill Symp., CISA—Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre, Cagliari, Italy.
9.
Heyer, D. (1995). “Basic examination on the efficiency of GCLs.”Geosynthetic clay liners, R. M. Koerner, E. Gartung, and H. Zanzinger, eds., 101–111.
10.
Mesri, G., and Olson, R. E.(1971). “Mechanisms controlling the permeability of clays.”Clays and clay minerals, 19, 151–158.
11.
Mitchell, J. K., and Madsen, F. T. (1987). “Chemical effects on clay hydraulic conductivity.”Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 13, ASCE, New York, 87–116.
12.
Petrov, R. J. (1995). “Swelling and compatibility characteristics of a geosynthetic clay liner,” MES thesis, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
13.
Petrov, R. J., and Rowe, R. K. (1996). “GCL-chemical compatibility by hydraulic conductivity testing and factors impacting its perfromance.”Geotech. Res. Ctr. Rep. GEOT-11-96, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
14.
Petrov, R. J., Rowe, R. K., and Quigley, R. M.(1997). “Comparison of laboratory measured GCL hydraulic conductivity based on three permeameter types.”Geotech. Testing J., 20(1), 49–62.
15.
Rad, N. S., Jacobson, B. D., and Bachus, R. C. (1994). “Compatibility of geosynthetic clay liners with organic and inorganic permeants.”Proc., 5th Int. Conf. on Geotextiles, Geomembranes and Related Products, International Geosynthetics Society, Singapore, 1165–1168.
16.
Shan, H. Y., and Daniel, D. E. (1991). “Results of laboratory tests on a geotextile/bentonite material.”Proc., Geosynthetics '91, Industrial Fabrics Association International, St. Paul, Minn., 517–535.
17.
Storey, J. E., and Pierce, J. J.(1989). “Influence of changes in methanol concentration on clay particle interactions.”Can. Geotech. J., 26(1), 57–63.
18.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1993). “Report of workshop on geosynthetic clay liners.”Rep. No. EPA/600/R-93/171, D. E. Daniel and B. T. Boardman, eds., Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Aug 1, 1997
Published in print: Aug 1997
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.