Dynamic Response of Laterally Excited Pile Groups
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 123, Issue 1
Abstract
Lateral dynamic experiments were performed on small-scale pile groups at two different sites, one with stiff soil and the other with soft soil. The pile diameters and spacings were varied to create spacing to diameter (s/d) ratios of between 2.25 and 15.0. The results showed the group interaction effects to be negligible at s/d ratios greater than 12 for the stiff site, and greater than 16 for the soft site. The experiments are the first to alter both the pile diameter and the pile spacing and confirm that the spacing-to-diameter ratio is an important parameter when calculating group interaction effects. The dynamic testing was found to cause a permanent nonlinear response in the groups. A simple linear elastic theoretical analysis was then developed to predict the dynamic response of the groups. The analysis produced good estimates of the experimental results for a constant value of Young's modulus for each site. The values of Young's modulus used in the modeling were found to be typical of those for lateral loads on pile foundations.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Baguelin, F., Frank, R., and Säıd, Y. H.(1977). “Theoretical study of lateral reaction mechanism of piles.”Géotechnique, London, England, 27(3), 405–434.
2.
Bannerjee, P. K., and Davis, T. G.(1978). “The behaviour of axially and laterally loaded single piles embedded in non-homogeneous soils.”Géotechnique, London, England, 28(3), 309–326.
3.
Blaney, G. W., and O'Neill, M. W.(1989). “Dynamic lateral response of a pile group in clay.”Geotech. Testing J., ASTM, 12(1), 22–29.
4.
Brown, D. A. (1989). “The influence of cyclic loading on the lateral load response of groups of piles.”Proc., ASCE Congr. on Found. Engrg.: Current Prin. and Pract., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 553–564.
5.
Brown, D. A., and Shie, C. F.(1990a). “Three dimensional finite element model of laterally loaded piles.”Comp. and Geotech., Oxford, England, 10(1), 59–79.
6.
Brown, D. A., and Shie, C. F.(1990b). “Numerical experiments into group effects on the response of piles to lateral loading.”Comp. and Geotech., Oxford, England, 10(3), 211–230.
7.
Burr, J. P. (1994). “The dynamic lateral response of pile groups,” PhD thesis, Univ. of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
8.
Davies, T. G., and Budhu, M.(1986). “Non-linear analysis of laterally loaded piles in heavily overconsolidated clays.”Géotechnique, London, England, 36(4), 527–538.
9.
Dobry, R., and Gazetas, G.(1988). “Simple method for dynamic stiffness and damping of floating pile groups.”Géotechnique, London, England, 38(4), 557–574.
10.
DYNA4 reference manual. (1993). Geotech. Res. Ctr., Univ. of Western Ontario, London, Ontario.
11.
El Marsafawi, H., Kaynia, A. M., and Novak, M. (1992). “The superposition approach to pile group dynamics.”Piles Under Dynamic Load, Geotech. Spec. Publ. No. 34, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 114–135.
12.
El Sharnouby, B., and Novak, M.(1984). “Dynamic experiments with a group of piles.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 110(6), 719–737.
13.
Gazetas, G.(1984). “Seismic response of end-bearing single piles.”Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engrg., Oxford, England, 3(2), 82–93.
14.
Gazetas, G. (1991). “Foundation vibrations.”Found. Engrg. Handbook, H. Y. Fang, ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, N.Y., 553–593.
15.
Gazetas, G., Fan, K., Kaynia, A., and Kausel, E. (1990). “Dynamic interaction factors for floating pile groups.”Tech. Rep. NCEER-90-0021, Nat. Ctr. for Earthquake Engrg. Res., Buffalo, N.Y.
16.
Gazetas, G., and Makris, N.(1991). “Dynamic pile-soil-pile interaction. Part 1: Analysis of axial vibration.”Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dynamics, Chichester, England, 20, 115–132.
17.
Hassini, S., and Woods, R. D. (1989). “Dynamic experiments with model pile foundations.”Proc., 12th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., ISSMFE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1135–1138.
18.
Kaynia, A. M., and Kausel, E. (1982). “Dynamic Stiffnesses and seismic response of pile groups.”Res. Rep. R82-03, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
19.
Kobori, T. et al. (1991). “Study on dynamic characteristics of a pile group foundation.”Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Recent Adv. in Geotech. Earthquake Engrg. and Soil Dynamics, Univ. of Missouri at Rolla, Rolla, Mo., 853–860.
20.
Kuhlemeyer, R. L.(1979). “Static and dynamic laterally loaded floating piles.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 105(2), 289–304.
21.
Makris, N., and Gazetas, G.(1992). “Dynamic pile-soil-pile interaction. Part II: Lateral and seismic response.”Earthquake Engrg. and Struct. Dynamics, Chichester, England, 21, 145–162.
22.
Nogami, T., and Konagai, K.(1987). “Dynamic response of vertically loaded nonlinear pile foundations.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 113(2), 147–160.
23.
Nogami, T., Konagai, K., and Otani, J. (1988). “Nonlinear pile foundation model for time-domain dynamic-response analysis.”Proc., 9th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., Japan Assoc. for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, Tokyo, Japan, 593–598.
24.
Nogami, T., Konagai, K., and Otani, J. (1991). “Nonlinear time domain numerical model for pile group under transient dynamic forces.”Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Recent Adv. in Geotech. Earthquake Engrg. and Soil Dynamics, Univ. of Missouri at Rolla, Rolla, Mo., 881–888.
25.
Novak, M. (1991). “Piles under dynamic loads.”Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Recent Adv. in Geotech. Earthquake Engrg. and Soil Dynamics, Univ. of Missouri at Rolla, Rolla, Mo., 2433–2456.
26.
Novak, M., and Grigg, R. F.(1984). “Dynamic experiments with small pile foundations.”Can. Geotech. J., Ottawa, Canada, 13(6), 738–756.
27.
Novak, M., and Sheta, M. (1980). “Approximate approach to contact effects of piles.”Dynamic Response of Pile Foundations: Analytical Aspects, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 53–79.
28.
Pender, M. J.(1993). “Aseismic pile foundation design analysis.”Bull., New Zealand Nat. Soc. for Earthquake Engrg., Wellington, New Zealand, 26(1), 49–161.
29.
Poulos, H. G.(1971). “Behaviour of laterally loaded piles: I-single piles.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Div., ASCE, 97(5), 711–731.
30.
Poulos, H. G., and Davis, E. H. (1980). Pile foundation analysis and design. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, N.Y.
31.
Swane, I. C., and Poulos, H. G. (1984). “Shakedown analysis of a laterally loaded pile tested in stiff clay.”Proc., 4th Australia, New Zealand Conf. on Geomech., Australian Geomech. Soc., Perth, Australia, 165–169.
32.
Waas, G., and Hartmann, H. G. (1984). “Seismic analysis of pile foundations including pile-soil-pile interaction.”Proc., 8th World Conf. on Earthquake Engrg., Earthquake Engrg. Res. Inst., Berkeley Calif., 55–62.
33.
Wolf, J. P. (1985). Dynamic soil-structure interaction. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
34.
Wolf, J. P., and Von Arx, G. A. (1978). “Impedance function of a group of vertical piles.”Proc. of a Spec. Conf. on Earthquake Engrg. and Soil Dynamics, ASCE, New York, N.Y., 1024–1041.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 123 • Issue 1 • January 1997
Pages: 1 - 8
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jan 1, 1997
Published in print: Jan 1997
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.