Effect of Asynchronous Earthquake Motion on Complex Bridges. I: Methodology and Input Motion
This article is a reply.
VIEW THE ORIGINAL ARTICLEThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 13, Issue 2
Abstract
Based on observed damage patterns from previous earthquakes and a rich history of analytical studies, asynchronous input motion has been identified as a major source of unfavorable response for long-span structures, such as bridges. This study is aimed at quantifying the effect of geometric incoherence and wave arrival delay on complex straight and curved bridges using state-of-the-art methodologies and tools. Using fully parametrized computer codes combining expert geotechnical and earthquake structural engineering knowledge, suites of asynchronous accelerograms are produced for use in inelastic dynamic analysis of the bridge model. Two multi-degree-of-freedom analytical models are analyzed using 2,000 unique synthetic accelerograms with results showing significant response amplification due to asynchronous input motion, demonstrating the importance of considering asynchronous seismic input in complex, irregular bridge design. The paper, Part 1 of a two-paper investigation, presents the development of the input motion sets and the modeling and analysis approach employed, concluding with sample results. Detailed results and implications on seismic assessment are presented in the companion paper: Effect of Asynchronous Motion on Complex Bridges. Part II: Results and Implications on Assessment.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Bodganoff, J. L., Goldberg, J. E., and Schiff, A. J. (1965). “The effect of ground transmission time on the response of long structures.” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 55, 627–640.
Der Kiureghian, A., and Neuenhofer, A. (1992). “Response spectrum method for multiple support seismic excitations.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 21, 713–740.
Dumanoglu, A. A., and Severn, R. T. (1987a). “Seismic response of modern suspension bridges to asynchronous longitudinal and lateral ground motion.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Part 2. Res. Theory, 87, 73–86.
Dumanoglu, A. A., and Severn, R. T. (1987b). “Seismic response of modern suspension bridges to asynchronous vertical ground motion.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Part 2. Res. Theory, 83, 701–730.
Elnashai, A. S., Bommer, J. J., Baron, C. I., Lee, D., and Salama, A. I. (1995). “Selected engineering seismology and structural engineering studies of the Hyogo-Ken Nanbu (Great Hanshin) earthquake of 17 January 1995.” ESEE Research Rep. No. 95-2, Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, U.K.
Elanashai, A. S., Borzi, B., and Vlachos, S. (1999). “Deformation-based vulnerability functions for RC bridges.” Struct. Eng. Mech., 17(2), 215–244.
Elanashai, A. S., Papanikolaou, V., and Lee, D. H. (2002). “ZEUS-NL user’s manual.” Mid-America Earthquake Center (MAE) Report.
Leger, P., Ide, I. M., and Paultre, P. (1990). “Multiple-support seismic analysis of large structures.” Comput. Struct., 36(6), 1153–1158.
Luco, J. E., and Wong, H. L. (1986). “Response of a rigid foundation to a spatially random ground motion.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 14, 891–908.
Lupoi, A., Franchin, P., Pinto, P. E., and Monti, G. (2005). “Seismic design of bridges accounting for spatial variability of ground motion.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34, 327–348.
Mander, J. B., Priestley, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1988). “Theoretical stress-strain model for confined concrete.” J. Struct. Eng., 114(8), 1804–1826.
Monti, G., Nuti, C., and Pinto, P. E. (1996). “Nonlinear response of bridges under multisupport excitation.” J. Struct. Eng., 122(10), 1147–1159.
Oliveira, C. S., Hao, H., and Penzien, J. (1991). “Ground motion modeling for multiple-input structural analysis.” Struct. Safety, 10, 79–93.
Priestley, M. J. N. (1994). “Example A: Modern multispan bridge.” Proc., 2nd Int. Workshop on the Seismic Design of Bridges, R. Park, ed., Queenstown, New Zealand, Vol. 2, 136–141.
Sextos, A. G., Kappos, A. J., and Mergos, P. (2004). “Effect of soil-structure interaction and spatial variability of ground motion on irregular bridges: The case of the Krystallopigi Bridge.” Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 2298.
Sextos, A. G., Kappos, A. J., and Pitilakis, K. D. (2003a). “Inelastic dynamic analysis of RC bridges accounting for spatial variability of ground motion, site effects and soil-structure interaction phenomena. Part 2: Parametric study.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32, 629–652.
Sextos, A. G., Pitilakis, K. D., and Kappos, A. J. (2003b). “Inelastic dynamic analysis of RC bridges accounting for spatial variability of ground motion, site effects and soil-structure interaction phenomena. Part 1: Methodology and analytical tools.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 32, 607–627.
Tzanetos, N., Elnashai, A. S., Hamdan, F. H., and Antoniou, S. (2000). “Inelastic dynamic response of RC bridges subjected to spatial non-synchronous earthquake motion.” Adv. Struct. Eng., 3(3), 191–214.
Wilson, J. C., and Jennings, P. C. (1985). “Spatial variation of ground motion determined from accelerograms recorded on a highway bridge.” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 75(6), 1515–1533.
Zerva, A. (1990). “Response of multispan beams to spatially incoherent seismic ground motions.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 19, 819–832.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 13 • Issue 2 • March 2008
Pages: 158 - 165
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Aug 16, 2006
Accepted: Jan 8, 2007
Published online: Mar 1, 2008
Published in print: Mar 2008
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.