Seismic Retrofit of State Street Bridge on Interstate 80
Publication: Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 9, Issue 4
Abstract
The State Street Bridge, in Salt Lake City, was designed and built in 1965 according to the 1961 AASHO specifications; the design did not include earthquake-induced forces or displacements since only wind loads were considered. The bridge consists of four reinforced concrete (RC) bents supporting composite welded steel girders; the bents are supported on cast-in-place concrete piles and pile caps. A vulnerability analysis of the bridge was conducted that determined deficiencies in (1) confinement of column lap splice regions, (2) anchorage of longitudinal column bars in the bent cap, (3) confinement of column plastic hinge zones, and (4) shear capacity of columns and bent cap–column joints. Seismic retrofit designs using carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP) composites and steel jackets were performed and compared for three design spectra, including the 10% probability of exceedance in 250 years earthquake. The CFRP composite design was selected for implementation and application of the composite was carried out in the summer of 2000 and 2001, while the bridge was in service. The paper describes the CFRP composite design, which, in addition to column jackets, implemented an “ankle wrap” for improving joint shear strength and a “U-strap” for improving anchorage of column bars in the bent cap; other retrofit measures were implemented, such as bumper brackets and a deck slab retrofit. A capacity versus demand evaluation of the as-built and retrofitted bents is presented.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Alameddine, F., and Imbsen, R. A. (2002). “Rocking of bridge piers under earthquake loading.” Proc., 3rd National Seismic Conf. and Workshop on Bridges and Highways, R. Nimis and M. Bruneau, eds., MCEER Publications, Buffalo, N.Y., 299–311.
California Department of Transportation. (1998). “Memo to Designers—Section 20.” Office of Structure Design, Sacramento, Calif.
Darwish, I. S., Saiidi, M. S., and Sanders, D. H.(1999). “Seismic retrofit of hinged and fixed reinforced concrete bridge columns with short bar anchorage in footings.” ACI Struct. J., 96(6), 988–996.
Federal Highway Administration. (1995). “Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Bridges.” Publ. No. FHWA-RD-94-052, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, McLean, Va.
Gamble, W. L., and Hawkins, N. M. (1996). “Seismic retrofitting of bridge pier columns.” Proc., Struct. Congress XIV, ASCE, Reston, Va., Vol. 1, 16–23.
Gergely, I., Pantelides, C. P., Nuismer, R. J., and Reaveley, L. D.(1998). “Bridge pier retrofit using fiber-reinforced plastic composites.” J. Compos. Constr., 2(4), 165–174.
Gergely, I., Pantelides, C. P., and Reaveley, L. D.(2000). “Shear strengthening of RC T-Joints using CFRP composites.” J. Compos. Constr., 4(2), 56–64.
Griezic, A., Cook, W. D., and Mitchell, D.(2001). “Seismic behavior and retrofit of outrigger beam-column frames.” J. Bridge Eng., 6(5), 340–348.
Lowes, L. N., and Moehle, J. P.(1999). “Evaluation and retrofit of beam-column T-joints in older reinforced concrete bridge structures.” ACI Struct. J., 96(4), 519–532.
Moran, D. A., and Pantelides, C. P.(2002a). “Variable strain ductility ratio for fiber-reinforced polymer-confined concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 6(4), 224–232.
Moran, D. A., and Pantelides, C. P.(2002b). “Stress-strain model for fiber-reinforced polymer-confined concrete.” J. Compos. Constr., 6(4), 233–240.
Pantelides, C. P., Gergely, J., Reaveley, L. D., and Volnyy, V. A.(1999a). “Retrofit of RC bridge pier with CFRP advanced composites.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(10), 1094–1099.
Pantelides, C. P., Okahashi, Y., and Moran, D. A. (1999b). “Seismic rehabilitation of State Street Bridge.” Research Rep. UUCVEEN 99-02, Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City.
Pantelides, C. P., Gergely, J., and Reaveley, L. D.(2001). “In-situ verification of rehabilitation and repair of reinforced concrete bridge bents under simulated seismic loads.” Earthquake Spectra, 17(3), 507–530.
Pantelides, C. P., Duffin, J. B., Ward, J., Delahunty, C., and Reaveley, L. D. (2002a). “In-situ tests of as-is and retrofitted RC bridges with FRP composites.” Proc., 3rd National Seismic Conf. & Workshop on Bridges & Highways, R. Nimis and M. Bruneau, eds., MCEER Publications, Buffalo, N.Y., 383–395.
Pantelides, C. P., Duffin, J. B., Ward, J., Delahunty, C., and Reaveley, L. D. (2002b). “In-situ tests at South Temple Bridge on Interstate 15.” Proc., 7th National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, 7NCEE, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, Calif.
Pantelides, C. P., and Gergely, J.(2002c). “Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer seismic retrofit of RC bridge bent: Design and in situ validation.” J. Compos. Constr., 6(1), 52–60.
Pantelides, C. P., Cercone, L., and Policelli, F.(2004). “Development of a specification for bridge seismic retrofit with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites.” J. Compos. Constr., 8(1), 88–96.
Park, R., Rodriguez, M., and Dekker, D. R.(1993). “Assessment and retrofit of a reinforced concrete bridge pier for seismic resistance.” Earthquake Spectra, 9(4), 781–801.
Prakash, V., Powell, G. H., and Filippou, F. C. (1992). “DRAIN-2DX base program user guide.” Rep. No. UCB/SEMM-92/29, University of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., and Anderson, D. L.(1993). “Proof test of a retrofit concept for the San Francisco double-deck viaducts, Part 1: Design concept, details, and model.” ACI Struct. J., 90(5), 467–479.
Priestley, M. J. N., Seible, F., and Calvi, G. M. (1996). Seismic design and retrofit of bridges, Wiley, New York.
Saadatmanesh, H., Ehsani, M. R., and Jin, L.(1996). “Seismic strengthening of circular bridge pier models with fiber composites.” ACI Struct. J., 93(6), 639–647.
Saadatmanesh, H., Ehsani, M. R., and Jin, L.(1997). “Repair of earthquake-damaged RC columns with FRP wraps.” ACI Struct. J., 94(2), 206–215.
Seible, F., Priestley, M. J. N., Hegemier, G., and Innamorato, D.(1997). “Seismic retrofitting of RC columns with continuous carbon fiber jackets.” J. Compos. Constr., 1(2), 52–62.
Seible, F., Priestley, M. J. N., and Innamorato, D. (1995). “Earthquake retrofit of bridge columns with continuous fiber jackets.” Rep. No. ACTT-95/08, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif.
Sritharan, S., Priestley, M. J. N., and Seible, F.(1999). “Enhancing seismic performance of bridge cap beam-to-column joints using prestressing.” PCI J., 44(4), 74–91.
Xiao, Y., Wu, H., and Martin, G. R.(1999). “Prefabricated composite jacketing of RC columns for enhanced shear strength.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(3), 255–264.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Bridge Engineering
Volume 9 • Issue 4 • July 2004
Pages: 333 - 342
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 5, 2002
Accepted: Feb 24, 2003
Published online: Jun 15, 2004
Published in print: Jul 2004
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.