TECHNICAL PAPERS
Apr 1, 2000

Artificial Neural Networks in Remote Sensing of Hydrologic Processes

Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 5, Issue 2

Abstract

Recent progress in remote sensing technologies, coupled with ongoing and planned remote sensing missions, is expected to generate hydrologic data at spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions never previously available. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), although at early stages of hydrologic applications, are rapidly becoming an attractive tool to characterize, model, and predict complex multisource remotely sensed hydrologic data. We review and examine the utility of ANNs for hydrologic applications, with particular emphasis on remote sensing of precipitation, soil moisture, and multisource land surface data. In addition to more popularly used multilayer feedforward networks, we also review recurrent neural networks for prediction and self-organization neural networks for spatial characterization of heterogeneous land surface processes.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Agyepong, K., and Kothari, R. (1997). “Controlling hidden layer capacity through lateral connections.” Neural Computation, 9(6), 1381–1402.
2.
Almeida, L. B. ( 1988). “Backpropagation in perceptrons with feedback.” Neural computers, R. Eckmiller and C. von der Malsburg, eds., Springer, New York, 199–208.
3.
Augusteijn, M. F., Clemens, L. E., and Shaw, K. A. ( 1995). “Performance evaluation of texture measures for ground cover identification in satellite images by means of a neural network classifier.” IEEE Trans. on Geosci. and Remote Sensing, Piscataway, N.J., 33(3), 616–626.
4.
Barron, A. R. ( 1993). “Universal approximation bounds for superposition of a sigmoidal function.” IEEE Trans. on Information Theory, Piscataway, N.J., 39(3), 930–945.
5.
Baum, E., and Haussler, D. (1989). “What sized net gives valid generalization.” Neural Computation, 1(1), 151–160.
6.
Benediktsson, J. A., Swain, P. H., and Erosy, O. K. ( 1990). “Neural network approaches versus statistical methods in classification of multisource remote sensing data.” IEEE Trans. on Geosci. and Remote Sensing, Piscataway, N.J., 28(4), 540–552.
7.
Bischof, H., Schneider, W., and Pinz, A. J. ( 1992). “Multispectral classification of Landsat images using neural networks.” IEEE Trans. on Geosci. and Remote Sensing, Piscataway, N.J., 30(3), 482–490.
8.
Bose, N. K., and Garga, A. K. ( 1993). “Neural network design using Voronoi diagrams.” IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, Piscataway, N.J., 4(5), 778–787.
9.
Bruzzone, L., Conese, C., Maselli, F., and Roli, F. (1997). “Multisource classification of complex rural areas by statistical and neural-network approaches.” Photogrammetric Engrg. and Remote Sensing, 63(5), 523–533.
10.
Chen, T., Chen, H., and Lin, R. ( 1995). “Approximation capability in Rn by multilayer feedforward networks and related problems.” IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, Piscataway, N.J., 6, 25–30.
11.
Cios, K. J., and Liu, N. ( 1992). “A machine leaning method for generation of a neural network architecture: A continuous ID3 algorithm.” IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, Piscataway, N.J., 3(2), 280–291.
12.
Cybenko, G. (1989). “Approximation by superpositions of a sigmoidal function.” Mathematics of Control, Signals, and Sys., 2, 303–314.
13.
Elman, J. L. (1990). “Finding structure in time.” Cognitive Sci., 14, 179–211.
14.
Fahlman, S. E., and Lebiere, C. (1991). “The cascade-correlation learning architecture.” CMU Tech. Rep. CMU-CS-90-100, Pittsburgh, Pa.
15.
Gallant, S. I. (1986). “Three constructive algorithms for network learning.” Proc., 8th Annu. Conf. of Cognitive Sci. Soc., 652–660.
16.
Geman, S., Bienstock, E., and Doursat, R. (1992). “Neural networks and the bias/variance dilemma.” Neural Computation, 4, 1–58.
17.
Girossi, F., and Poggio, T. (1990). “Networks and the best approximation property.” Biol. Cybernetics, 63, 169–176.
18.
Hassibi, B., and Stork, D. G. (1993). “Second order derivatives for networks pruning: Optimal brain surgeon.” Proc., Neural Information Processing Sys., Morgan-Kauffman, San Mateo, Calif., 4, 164–171.
19.
Heerman, P. D., and Khaznie, N. ( 1992). “Classification of multispectral remote sensing data using back propagation neural networks.” IEEE Trans. on Geosci. and Remote Sensing, Piscataway, N.J., 30, 81–88.
20.
Hertz, J., and Palmer, R. G. (1991). “Introduction to the theory of neural computation. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass.
21.
Hsu, K. L., Gao, X., Sorooshian, S., and Gupta, H. V. (1997). “Precipitation estimation from remotely sensed information using artificial neural networks.” J. Appl. Meteorology, 36, 1176–1190.
22.
Hsu, K. L., Sorooshian, S., Gupta, H. V., and Gao, X. ( 1994). “Application of artificial neural network models in rain rate retrieval from satellite passive microwave imagery.” Paper Presented at AGU Spring Meeting.
23.
Jackson, T. J., et al. ( 1993). “Soil moisture and rainfall estimation over a semiarid environment with the ESTAR microwave radiometer.” IEEE Trans. on Geosci. and Remote Sensing, Piscataway, N.J., 31, 836–841.
24.
Jarvis, C. H., and Stuart, N. (1996). “The sensitivity of a neural network for classifying remotely sensed imagery.” Comp. and Geosci., 22(9), 959–967.
25.
Karnin, E. D. ( 1990). “A simple procedure for pruning back propagation trained neural networks.” IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, Piscataway, N.J., 1, 239–242.
26.
Kohonen, T. (1989). Self organization and associative memory. Springer, New York.
27.
Kohonen, T. (1990). “The self organizing map.” Proc., IEEE, Piscataway, N.J., 78, 1464–1480.
28.
Kothari, R. ( 1998). “Prediction error: The bias/variance decomposition, methods of minimization, and estimation.” ECECS Tech. Rep. TR 222/10/98/ECECS, CRC handbook of applied computational intelligence, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., in press.
29.
Kothari, R., and Agyepong, K. (1996). “On lateral connections in feed-forward neural networks.” Proc., IEEE Int. Conf. on Neural Networks, Piscataway, N.J., 13–18.
30.
Kothari, R., and Agyepong, K. ( 1997a). “Induced specialization of context units for temporal pattern recognition and reproduction.” IEEE neural networks for signal processing VII, J. Principe, L. Gile, N. Morgan, and E. Wilson, eds., IEEE, Piscataway, N.J., 131–140.
31.
Kothari, R., and Agyepong, K. (1997b). “Self-regulation of model order in feed-forward neural networks.” Proc., IEEE Int. Conf. on Neural Networks, Piscataway, N.J., 1966–1971.
32.
Kothari, R., and Islam, S. ( 1999). “Spatial characterization of remotely sensed soil moisture using self-organizing feature maps.” IEEE Trans. on Geosci. and Remote Sensing, 37(2), 1162–1165.
33.
Kwok, T., and Yeung, D. (1995). “Constructive feedforward neural networks for regression problems: A survey.” Tech. Rep., Hong Kong University of Science & Technology.
34.
LeCun, Y., Denker, J. S., and Solla, S. A. (1990). “Optimal brain damage.” Proc., Neural Information Processing Sys., Morgan-Kauffman, San Mateo, Calif., 2, 598–605.
35.
Lee, J., Weger, R. C., Sengupta, S. K., and Welch, R. M. ( 1990). “A neural network approach to cloud classification.” IEEE Trans. on Geosci. and Remote Sensing, Piscataway, N.J., 28(5), 846–855.
36.
Marzban, C., and Stumpf, G. J. (1996). “A neural network for tornado prediction based on doppler radar-derived attributes.” J. Appl. Meteorology, 35, 617–626.
37.
Matsoukas, C., Islam, S., and Kothari, R. ( 1999). “Fusion of radar and raingauge measurements for an accurate estimation of rainfall.” J. Geophys. Res., 104(D24), 31,437–31,450.
38.
Miller, D. M., Kaminsky, E. J., and Rana, S. (1995). “Neural network classification of remotely sensed data.” Comp. and Geosci, 21(3), 377–386.
39.
Mozer, M. C. (1989). “Focused back-propagation algorithm for temporal pattern recognition.” Complex Sys., 3, 349–381.
40.
Mozer, M. C., and Smolensky, P. (1989). “Skeletonization: A technique for trimming the fat from a network via relevance assessment.” Proc., Neural Information Processing Sys., Morgan-Kauffman, San Mateo, Calif., 1, 107–115.
41.
Nadal, J. P. (1989). “Study of a growth algorithm for neural networks.” Int. J. Neural Sys., 1, 55–59.
42.
Nowlan, S. J., and Hinton, G. E. (1992). “Simplifying neural networks by soft weight sharing.” Neural Computation, 4, 473–493.
43.
Park, J., and Sandberg, I. W. (1991). “Universal approximation using radial-basis function networks.” Neural Computation, 3, 245–257.
44.
Pineda, F. J. (1987). “Generalization of back-propagation to recurrent neural networks.” Phys. Rev. Letters, 59, 2229–2232.
45.
Pineda, F. J. (1989). “Recurrent back-propagation and the dynamical approach to adaptive neural computation.” Neural Computation, 1, 161–172.
46.
Reed, R. ( 1993). “Pruning algorithms—a survey.” IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, Piscataway, N.J., 4, 740–747.
47.
Ritter, H., and Schulten, K. (1986). “On the stationary state of Kohonen's self-organizing sensory mapping.” Biological Cybernetics, 54, 99–106.
48.
Rohwer, R., and Forrest, B. (1987). “Training time-dependence in neural networks.” IEEE 1st Int. Conf. on Neural Networks, IEEE, Piscataway, N.J., II, 701–708.
49.
Rumelhart, D. E., Hinton, G. E., and Williams, R. J. (1986). “Learning internal representations by back-propagating errors.” Nature, 332, 533–536.
50.
Tsintikidis, D., Haferman, J. L., Anagnostou, E. N., Krajewski, W. F., and Smith, T. F. ( 1997). “A neural network approach to estimating rainfall from spaceborne microwave data.” IEEE Trans. on Geosci. and Remote Sensing, Piscataway, N.J., 35(5), 1079–1093.
51.
Tzeng, Y. C., Chen, K. S., Liao, W., and Fung, A. K. ( 1994). “A dynamic learning neural network for remote sensing applications.” IEEE Trans. on Geosci. and Remote Sensing, Piscataway, N.J., 32(5), 1096–1102.
52.
White, H. (1989). “Learning in artificial neural networks: A statistical perspective.” Neural Computation, 1, 425–464.
53.
Xiao, R., and Chandrasekar, V. ( 1997). “Development of a neural network based algorithm for rainfall estimation from radar observations.” IEEE Trans. on Geosci. and Remote Sensing, Piscataway, N.J., 35(1), 160–171.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 5Issue 2April 2000
Pages: 138 - 144

History

Received: Aug 20, 1998
Published online: Apr 1, 2000
Published in print: Apr 2000

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

PhD, Cincinnati Earth Sys. Sci. Program, Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221. E-mail: shafiqul. [email protected].
Dept. of Electr. and Comp. Engrg. and Comp. Sci., Univ. of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share