Professional Papers
Jul 1, 1988

Environmental Issues for 21st Century Engineers

Publication: Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering
Volume 114, Issue 3

Abstract

The 21st century is believed to offer unlimited opportunities to civil engineers together with professionals of the other disciplines with whom engineers work. Approaches to these opportunities include (1) Matching capacity to demand with staged approaches, technologies, and incremental design periods that conform to periods consistent with political time scales such as election frequencies, with correspondingly reduced costs, and with reduced accountability and liability for unforeseen consequences of a program or project; (2) basing priorities for investments in health and other environmental projects and programs on marginal rather than average benefits; (3) early identification and resolution of potential environmental conflicts, particularly in the water resources sector; and (4) postaudits of environmental and other civil engineering programs and projects.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Annual report. (1983). World Bank, Washington, D.C.
2.
Baum, W. C. (1978). The project cycle. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
3.
Baum, W. C., and Tolbert, S. M. (1985). Investing in development: lessons of World Bank experience. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y.
4.
Drysdale, A., and Blake, G. H. (1985). The Middle East and North Africa: a political geography. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y.
5.
Feachem, R. G., Bradley, D. J., Garelick, H., and Mara, D. D. (1983). “Sanitation and disease: health aspects of excreta and wastewater management.” World Bank Studies in Water Supply and Santitation No. 3, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, N.Y.
6.
Framji, K. K., Garg, B. C., and Luthra, S. D. L. (1981). Irrigation and drainage in the world. 3rd Ed., vol. 1, International Commission on Irrigation, Drainage, and Flood Control, New Delhi, India.
7.
Framji, K. K., Garg, B. C., and Luthra, S. D. L. (1982). Irrigation and drainage in the world. 3rd Ed., vol. 2, International Commission on Irrigation, Drainage, and Flood Control, New Delhi, India.
8.
Framji, K. K., Garg, B. C., and Luthra, S. D. L. (1983). Irrigation and drainage in the world. 3rd Ed., vol. 3, International Commission on Irrigation, Drainage, and Flood Control, New Delhi, India.
9.
Booth, W. (1987). Science. 236, Jun. 19, 1515–1516.
10.
Gunnerson, C. G. (1974). “Binational abatement of boundary water pollution.” Water Res., 8(10), 713–723.
11.
Gunnerson, C. G. (1984). “Sanitation systems for developing countries.” Technology, finance, and development, C. Weiss and N. Jequier, eds., D. C. Heath, Lexington, Mass., 125–140.
12.
Gunnerson, C. G., ed. (1988). “Wastewater management for coastal cities: ocean disposal technologies.” Technical Paper 77, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
13.
Environmental policies and procedures of the World Bank. (1984). Office of Environmental and Scientific Affairs, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
14.
Iijima, N., ed. (1977). “Pollution Japan: historical chronology.” Asahi Evenings News, Tokyo, Japan.
15.
“Health aspects of wastewater and excreta use in agriculture and aquaculture: the Engleborg report.” (1985). IRCWD News, 23, International Reference Center for Waste Disposal, Swiss Federal Technical Institute for Water Research and Water Pollution Control, Duebendorf, Switzerland.
16.
Kalbermatten, J. M., Julius, D. S., and Gunnerson, C. G. (1982). “Appropriate sanitation alternatives: a technical and economic appraisal.” World Bank Studies in Water Supply and Sanitation No. 1. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Md.
17.
“Liability, infrastructures top agenda at second CE summit.” (1987). ASCE News, ASCE, 12(7), 1.
18.
McCready, W. (1987). “Left bank outfall drain in Pakistan.” Bull. Int. Comm. On Irrig., Drainage, and Flood Control, 36(1), New Delhi, India, 15–19.
19.
Naff, T., and Matson, R. C. (1984). Water in the Middle East: conflict or cooperation. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.
20.
Ninth Annual Review of Project Performance Audit Results, 1983. (1983). World Bank Operations Evaluation Dept., Washington, D.C.
21.
Nishimura, H., and Kumagai, M. (1983). “Mercury pollution of fisheries in Minamata Bay.” Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 20(4), 401–411.
22.
Pounds, J. G. (1965). “International rivers: some case studies.” Occasional Publication No. 1, Dept. of Geography, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, Ind.
23.
Ritchie‐Calder, L. (1970). “Mortgaging the old homestead.” Foreign Affairs, 48(2), 207–220.
24.
Sewell, W. R. D. (1977). “Grand plans for water.” Environmental impacts of international civil engineering projects and practices, C. G. Gunnerson and J. M. Kalbermatten, eds., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 96–113.
25.
Shuval, H. I., Tilden, R. L., Perry, B. H., and Grosse, R. (1981). “Effects of investments in water supply and sanitation on health status: a saturation theory.” Bull. World Health Organization, 59(2), Geneva, Switzerland, 243–248.
26.
Shuval, H. I., Adin, A., Fattal, B., Rawitz, A., and Yekutiel, P. (1986). “Health effects of wastewater irrigation.” Technical Paper No. 51, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
27.
Smith, W. E., and Smith, A. M. (1975). Minamata. Holt, Rinehart, and Weston, New York, N.Y.
28.
Tolmazin, D. (1985). “Changing coastal oceanography of the Black Sea.” Progress in Oceanography, 15(4), Pergamon Press, Oxford, England.
29.
Warford, J. (1987). “Environment, growth, and development.” World Bank data, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
30.
Water supply and waste disposal. (1980). Basic Needs Series, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
31.
Westheimer, F. H. (1987). “Are our universities rotten at the ‘core’?” Science, 236, Jun. 5, 1165–1166.
32.
White, G. F., ed. (1977). Environmental effects of complex river development. Westview Press, Boulder, Colo.
33.
White, G. F. (1988). “When may a post‐audit teach lessons?” Proc., Flood Control Challenge, Public Works Historical Society, American Public Works Association, Chicago, Ill. (in press).
34.
Widstrand, C., ed. (1978). Water and society: conflicts in development. Vol. 1, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England.
35.
Widstrand, C., ed. (1980). Water and society: conflict in development. Vol. 2, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England.
36.
Wittfogel, K. A. (1957). Oriental despotism. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering
Volume 114Issue 3July 1988
Pages: 287 - 301

History

Published online: Jul 1, 1988
Published in print: Jul 1988

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Charles G. Gunnerson, Fellow, ASCE
Prin., Kalbermatten Associates, 205 Pawnee Dr., Boulder, CO 80303

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share