Multiscale Prediction of Viscoelastic Properties of Asphalt Concrete
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 21, Issue 12
Abstract
The low viscosity of asphalt concrete at is necessary for the construction and compaction process of high-quality asphalt concrete layers. Whereas the continuous increase of viscosity with decreasing temperature is desirable for the reduction of permanent deformations during warm periods, so-called top-down cracking may occur in the course of temperature drops during cold periods. In order to explain the complex viscoelastic properties of asphalt concrete, a multiscale model is proposed. Hereby, the viscoelastic behavior of bitumen serves as input and the effect of air voids and aggregates is investigated. The viscous properties of bitumen are identified, using the bending-beam rheometer and the dynamic-shear rheometer, providing access to the viscoelastic material response for different temperature and loading regimes. With the rheological properties of bitumen at hand, the viscoelastic properties of mastic, mortar, and asphalt concrete are determined using continuum micromechanics, employing the elastic-viscoelastic “correspondence principle.” The creep properties of asphalt concrete obtained from the presented mode of upscaling from the bitumen to the asphalt scale is validated by means of cyclic tests and static uniaxial creep tests.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers thank Markus Spiegl, Karl Kappl, Michael Wistuba, and Ronald Blab for providing the experimental data at the different observation scales. Financial support by the Christian Doppler Gesellschaft (Vienna, Austria) is gratefully acknowledged. The first writer is grateful for the financial support via the DOC-FFORTE program.
References
Blab, R., et al. (2004). Midterm Rep. Prepared for Christian Doppler Laboratory for Performance-Based Optimization of Flexible Pavements, Vienna Univ. of Technology, Vienna, Austria.
DIN-18126. (1996). Baugrund, Untersuchung von Bodenproben—Bestimmung der Dichte nichtbindiger Böden bei lockester und dichtester Lagerung [Soil, investigation and testing—Determination of density of granular soils for minimum and maximum compactness]. Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V., Berlin (in German).
Ewers, J., and Heukelom, W. (1964). “Die Erhöhung der Viskosität von Bitumen durch die Zugabe von Füller [The increase of bitumen viscosity by the allowance of filler].” Str. Autob., 2, 31–39.
Holl, A. (1971). Bituminöse Straßen: Technologie und Bauweisen [Flexible pavements: Technology and design], Bauverlag, Wiesbaden, Germany (in German).
Huet, C. (1963). “Étude par une méthode d’impédance du comportement viscoélastique des matériaux hydrocarbonés [Study of the viscoelastic behavior of bituminous mixes by method of impedance].” Ph.D. thesis, Faculte des Sciences de Paris, Paris (in French).
Lackner, R. (2004). “Multiscale modeling as the basis for reliable predictions of the behavior of multi-composed materials.” Progress in computational structures technology, B. Topping and C. Mota Soares, eds., Saxe-Coburg, Stirling, 153–187.
Mandel, J. (1966). Méchanique des milieux continus [Mechanics of continuous media], Gautheir, Paris (in French).
Mori, T., and Tanaka, K. (1973). “Average stress in matrix and average elastic energy of materials with misfitting inclusions.” Acta Metall., 21, 571–574.
Pichler, C., and Lackner, R. (2009). “Upscaling of viscoelastic properties of highly-filled composites: Investigation of matrix-inclusion-type morphologies with power-law viscoelastic material response.” Composites Science and Technology, 69, 2410–2420.
Pichler, C., Lackner, R., and Aigner, E. (2009). “Generalized self-consistent scheme for upscaling of viscoelastic properties of highly-filled matrix-inclusion composites—Application in the context of multiscale modeling of bituminous mixtures.” Fuel., submitted.
Olard, F. (2003). “Comportement thermoméchanique des enrobés bitumineux à basses températures. Relations entre les propriétés du liant et de l’enrobé [Thermomechanical behavior of bituminous mixtures at low temperatures. Relations between characteristics of binder and properties of bituminous mixtures].” Ph.D. thesis, Ecole Nationale des TPE, Lyon.
ÖNORM-EN-1097-4. (1999). Prüfverfahren für mechanische und physikalische Eigenschaften von Gesteinskörnungen—Teil 4: Bestimmung des Hohlraumgehaltes an trocken verdichtetem Füller [Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates—Part 4: Determination of the void content of dry compacted filler], Österreichisches Normungsinstitut, Vienna, Austria (in German).
ÖNORM-EN-12697-26. (2004). Asphalt—Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt—Teil 26: Steifigkeit [Bituminous mixtures—Test methods for hot-mix asphalt—Part 26: Stiffness], Österreichisches Normungsinstitut, Vienna, Austria (in German).
Sayegh, G. (1965). “Contribution à l’étude des propriétés viscoélastique des bitumes purs at des bétons bitumineux.” Ph.D. thesis, Sorbonne, Paris (in French).
SHRP-A-370. (1994). Binder characterization and evaluation. Volume 4: Test methods, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
Stehfest, H. (1970). “Algoritm 368: Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms.” Commun. ACM, 13, 47–49.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 21 • Issue 12 • December 2009
Pages: 771 - 780
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Oct 9, 2007
Accepted: Jun 3, 2009
Published online: Nov 13, 2009
Published in print: Dec 2009
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Shin-Che Huang
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.