Spherical Indentation Behavior of Asphalt Mixtures
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 19, Issue 9
Abstract
The spherical indentation response of a dense bitumen macadam asphalt mixture with two different volume fractions of bitumen binder is investigated both experimentally and via an analytical model. The model for the indentation of bitumen developed by Ossa et al. in 2005, was used to study the spherical indentation behavior of the mixtures with good agreement when compared to experimental results. An extensive experimental study of the monotonic and recovery spherical indentation behavior is reported for a range of temperatures. In line with the predictions of the model, the monotonic indentation response of the mixtures exhibits a power-law dependence on the indentation force. The model is also successful in capturing the indentation recovery behavior of the mixtures. A comparison of the material parameters obtained from uniaxial compression and indentation tests showed that indentation tests can be used in an easy and reliable way to obtain the fundamental asphalt parameters. Further, parameters found from indentation tests implicitly account for the confining conditions generated by the aggregate particles below the indenter.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Support from the EPSRC Platform Grant awarded to the Nottingham Centre for Pavement Engineering (NCPE) is gratefully acknowledged.EPSRC-GB
References
Abbas, A. R., Papagiannakis, A. T., and Masad, E. A. (2004). “Linear and nonlinear viscoelastic analysis of the microstructure of asphalt concretes.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 16(2), 133–139.
Bower, A. F., Fleck, N. A., Needleman, A., and Ogbonna, N. (1993). “Indentation of a power law creeping solid.” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 441, 97–124.
British Standards Institution (BSI). (2003). “Part 1. Coated macadam for roads and other paved areas.” BS 4987-1, London.
Chang, G. K., and Meegoda, N. J. (1993). “Simulation of the behavior of asphalt concrete using discrete element method.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Discrete Element Methods, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, Cambridge, Mass., 437–448.
Cheung, C. Y., and Cebon, D. (1997). “Experimental study of pure bitumens in tension, compression, and shear.” J. Rheol., 41(1), 45–73.
Cheung, C. Y., Cocks, A. C. F., and Cebon, D. (1999). “Isolated contact model of an idealized asphalt mix.” Int. J. Mech. Sci., 41, 767–792.
Collop, A. C., and Khanzada, S. (2001). “Permanent deformation in idealised “sand asphalt” bituminous mixtures.” Int. Journal of Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2(1), 7–28.
Collop, A. C., Scarpas, A., Kasbergen, C., and de Bondt, A. (2003). “Development and finite element implementation of stress-dependent elastoviscoplastic constitutive model with damage for asphalt.” Transportation Research Record. 1832, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 96–104.
Cross, M. M. (1965). “Rheology of non-Newtonian fluids: A new flow equation for pseudoplastic systems.” J. Colloid Sci., 20, 417–437.
Deshpande, V. S., and Cebon, D. (1999). “Steady-state constitutive relationship for idealised asphalt mixes.” Mech. Mater., 31, 271–287.
Deshpande, V. S., and Cebon, D. (2000). “Uniaxial experiments on idealized asphalt mixes.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 12(3), 262–271.
Deshpande, V. S., and Cebon, D. (2004). “Micromechanical modeling of steady-state deformation in asphalt.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 16(2), 100–106.
Hill, R., Storakers, B., and Zdunek, A. B. (1989). “A theoretical study of the Brinell hardness test.” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 423, 301.
Huang, B., Mohammad, L. N., and Wathugala, G. W. (2002). “Development of a thermo-viscoplastic constitutive model for HMA mixtures.” J. Ass. Asphalt Paving Technol., 71, 594–618.
Huang, B., Mohammad, L. N., and Wathugala, G. W. (2004). “Application of a temperature dependent viscoplastic hierarchical single surface model for asphalt mixtures.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 16(2), 147–154.
Khanzada, S. (2000). “Permanent deformation in bituminous mixtures.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Nottingham, Nottingham, U.K.
Lee, H., and Kim, Y. R. (1998). “Viscoelastic constitutive model for asphalt concrete under cyclic loading.” J. Eng. Mech., 124(1), 32–40.
Long, F. M. (2001). “Permanent deformation of asphalt concrete pavements: A nonlinear viscoelastic approach to mix analyses and design.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Lytton, R., Uzan, J., Fernando, E. G., Roque, R., Hiltunen, D., and Stoffels, S. M. (1993). “Development and validation of performance prediction models and specifications for asphalt binders and paving mixes.” Technical Rep. No. SHRP-A-357, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.
Mulhearn, T. O., and Tabor, D. (1960). “Creep and hardness of metals: A physical study.” J. Inst. Met., 89, 7–12.
Nijboer, L. J. (1948). Plasticity as a factor in the design of dense bituminous road carpets, Elsevier, New York.
Ossa, E. A., Deshpande, V. S., and Cebon, D. (2004a). “Triaxial deformation behavior of bituminous mixes.” Technical Rep. No. CUED/C-MICROMECH/TR.96.
Ossa, E. A., Deshpande, V. S., and Cebon, D. (2004b). “Uniaxial monotonic and cyclic behaviour of bituminous mixes.” Technical Rep. No. CUED/C-MICROMECH/TR.95.
Ossa, E. A., Deshpande, V. S., and Cebon, D. (2005). “Spherical indentation behaviour of bitumen.” Acta Mater., 53, 3103–3113.
Ossa, E. A., Taherkhani, H., and Collop, A. C. (2006). “Compressive deformation behaviour of asphalt mixtures.” Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, in press.
Ramsamooj, D. V., Ramadan, J., and Lin, G. S. (1998). “Model prediction of rutting in asphalt concrete.” J. Transp. Eng., 124(5), 448–456.
Schapery, R. A. (1984). “Correspondence principles and a generalised j integral for large deformation and fracture analysis of viscoelastic media.” Int. J. Fract., 25, 195–223.
Tabor, D. (1951). Hardness of metals, Clarendon, Oxford, U.K.
Zhao, Y., and Kim, Y. R. (2003). “Time-temperature superposition for asphalt mixtures with growing damage and permanent deformation in compression.” Transportation Research Record. 1832, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 161–172.
Zhu, H., and Nodes, J. E. (2000). “Contact based analysis of asphalt pavement with the effect of aggregate angularity.” Mech. Mater., 32, 193–202.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 19 • Issue 9 • September 2007
Pages: 753 - 761
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 29, 2005
Accepted: Jun 5, 2006
Published online: Sep 1, 2007
Published in print: Sep 2007
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Louay N. Mohammad
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.