Effects of Rejuvenating Agents on Superpave Mixtures Containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 19, Issue 5
Abstract
Rejuvenator is not a commonly used softening agent to be used in recycling of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). In this study, Superpave mixtures containing RAP were designed using rejuvenating agents, including a rejuvenator and a softer binder, and subsequently evaluated in terms of the volumetric results, obtained the indirect tensile strength (ITS) of samples as well as evaluating the mixtures for rutting using the asphalt pavement analyzer (APA). The content of the rejuvenator used for those mixtures containing the rejuvenator was determined from the blending charts of RAP binders containing the rejuvenator. A total of 12 Superpave mixtures including 10 containing RAP and two virgin were designed. The results indicated, for the mixtures tested for this project, that: (1) properties of the recycled mixtures using the rejuvenator, such as ITS and APA, were better than those containing the softer binder; (2) 10% more RAP could be incorporated in the Superpave mixtures by using the rejuvenator than using the softer binder; and (3) the blending charts established under the Superpave binder specifications can be used to determine the content of the rejuvenator for the recycling.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was financially supported by the Asphalt Rubber Service Technology (ARTS), Clemson University, South Carolina.
References
Asphalt Institute (AI). (1981). Asphalt hot-mix recycling, Manual Series No. 20, 2nd Ed., AI, Lexington, Ky.
Asphalt Institute (AI). (2001). Performance graded asphalt binder specification and testing, Superpave Series, No.1, AI, Lexington, Ky.
ASTM. (1980). Recommended practice for classifying hot-mix recycling agents, Philadelphia.
Bukowski, J. (1997). “Guideline for design of Superpave mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP).” Memorandum, Expert Task Group, San Antonio.
Crawley, A. B. (1999). “Innovative hot in-place recycling of hot-mix asphalt pavement in Mississippi.” Transportation Research Record. 1654, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Escobar, S. J., and Davidson, D. D. (1979). “Role of recycling agents in the restoration of aged asphalt cements.” Asph. Paving Technol., 48, 375–402.
Federal Highway Administration (FHwA). (1997). “Pavement recycling guidelines for state and local governments.” FHWA-SA-98-042, Washington, D.C.
Kandhal, P. S., and Cooley, L. A. (2002). “Evaluation of permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures using loaded wheel tester.” Asph. Paving Technol., 71, 739–753.
Kandhal, P. S., and Cooley, L. A. (2003). “Accelerated laboratory rutting tests: Asphalt pavement analyzer.” NCHRP Rep. 508, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington, D.C.
Kandhal, P. S., and Foo, K. Y. (1997). “Designing recycled hot-mixture asphalt mixtures using Superpave technology.” NCAT Rep. No. 96-5, National Center for Asphalt Technology, Auburn, Ala., 7–23.
Kazmierowski, T., Marks, P., and Lee, S. (1999). “Ten-year performance review of in situ hot-mix recycling in Ontario.” Transportation Research Record. 1864, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Kennedy, T. W., Tam, W. O., and Solaimanian, M. (1998). “Optimizing use of reclaimed asphalt pavement with the Superpave system.” Asph. Paving Technol., 67, 311–325.
Little, D. H., Holmgreen, R. J., and Epps, J. A. (1981). “Effect of recycling agents on the structural performance of recycled asphalt concerted materials.” Asph. Paving Technol., 50, 375–402.
Martin, A. E., and Park, D.-W. (2003). “Use of the asphalt pavement analyzer and repeated simple shear test at constant height to augment Superpave volumetric design.” J. Transp. Eng., 129(5), 522–530.
McDaniel, R., and Anderson, R. M. (2001). “Recommended use of reclaimed asphalt pavement in the Superpave mixture design method: Technician’s manual.” NCHRP Rep. 452, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington, D.C.
McDaniel, R. S., Soleymani, H., and Shah, A. (2002). “Use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) under Superpave specification.” Final Rep., North Central Superpave Center, West Lafayette, Ind.
Noureldin, A. S., and Wood, L. (1988). “Evaluation of hot recycled asphalt mixtures containing large amount of RAP for use as surface mixtures.” Proc., 32nd Annual Conf. of the Canadian Technical Asphalt Association, E. Thompson, ed., Canadian Technical Asphalt Association, Victoria, B.C., Canada, 276–301.
Shen, J., and Ohne, Y. (2002). “Determining rejuvenator content for recycling reclaimed asphalt pavement by SHRP binder specifications.” Int. J. Pavement Eng., 3(4), 261–268.
South Caroline Department of Transportation (SCDOT). (2004). “Supplement specification of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) material.” SCDOT, Columbia, S.C.
Stroup-Gardiner, M., and Wagner, C. (1999). “Use of reclaimed asphalt pavement in Superpave hot-mix asphalt applications.” Transportation Research Record. 1681, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1–9.
Takahashi, O., and Hachiya, Y. (2000). “A study on the chrematistics of recycled asphalt mixture used different kind of recycling additive.” J. Pavement Eng., JSCE, 5, 23–30.
Zhang, J., Cooley, A., and Kandhal, P. (2002). “Comparison of fundamental and simulative testmethods for evaluation permanent deformation of hot-mix asphalt.” Transportation Research Record. 1789, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 9–100.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 19 • Issue 5 • May 2007
Pages: 376 - 384
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Feb 3, 2005
Accepted: Jun 23, 2006
Published online: May 1, 2007
Published in print: May 2007
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Eyad Masad
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.