Effect of Gravel Size, Type, and Mold Size on the Carrying Capacity of Calcareous Fines-Gravel Mixes
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 19, Issue 10
Abstract
Calcareous soils are used as graded base course materials in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The specimens tested in the laboratory are different from those in the field because of the removal of the oversize particles. The effects of maximum aggregate size on the load carrying capacity of calcareous fines (marl)-gravel mixture were studied. A large-size mold that can accommodate particles up to was used to study the effect of oversize particles. Limestone aggregates (LSA) and steel slag aggregates (SSA) were used. The results indicate that the California bearing ratio (CBR) and the Clegg impact value (CIV) increase with the increase in the maximum aggregate size. The increase in the CBR values can reach 19% when the maximum aggregate size was increased from . The CBR values for the calcareous fines-SSA mixtures were greater than those for the calcareous fines-LSA mixtures by up to 24%. The conventional CBR mold overestimates the CBR values by up to 43%. The results also clearly indicate the strong correlation between the CBR and the CIV results.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers would like to acknowledge the support of King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.
References
Ahmed, H.-R. (1995). “Characterization and stabilization of eastern Saudi marls.” MS thesis, Civil Engineering Dept., King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Aiban, S. A. (1995). “Strength and compressibility of Abqaiq Marl, Saudi Arabia.” Eng. Geol. (Amsterdam), 39, 203–215.
Aiban, S. A. (2006). “Utilization of steel slag aggregate for road bases.” ASTM J. Testing and Evaluation, 34(1), 1–11.
Aiban, S. A., Al-Abdul, Wahhab H. I., and Al-Amoudi, O. S. B. (1999a). “Identification, evaluation, and improvement of eastern Saudi soils for constructional purposes.” Final Rep., King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) AR-14–61, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Aiban, S. A., Al-Amoudi, O. S. B., Ahmad, H. R., and Al-Abdul, Wahhab H. I. (1997). “Characterization and stabilization of Eastern Saudi Arabia calcareous sediments.” Proc., 14th ICSMFE, Hamburg, Germany, 13–16.
Aiban, S. A., Al-Amoudi, O. S. B., Al-Abdul, Wahhab H. I., and Ahmed, H. R. (1999b). “Characteristics and chemical stabilization of eastern Saudi calcareous sediments.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Engineering for Calcareous Sediments, Balkema, Rotterdam, 101–111.
Al-Amoudi, O. S. B., Asi, I. M., Al-Abdul, Wahhab H. I, and Khan, Z. A. (2002). “Clegg Hammer—California-bearing ratio correlations.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 14(6), 512–523.
Al-Sayari, S. S., and Zotl, J. G. (1978). Quaternary period in Saudi Arabia, Vol. 1, Springer, Wien.
Asi, I. M., Al-Abdul, Wahhab H. I., and Al-Amoudi, O. S. B. (1992). “An investigation on Clegg impact hammer in Saudi Arabia.” Proc., Jordanian Conf. on Civil Engineering, Amman, Vol. 1, 55–56.
ASTM. (1998). “Soil and rock.” Annual book of ASTM standards, 20001998, Sec. 4, Vol. 04.08, Philadelphia.
Bates, R. L., and Jackson, J. A. (1980). Glossary of geology, 2nd Ed., American Geological Institute, Falls Church, Va.
Black, W. P. M. (1961). “The calculation of laboratory and in-situ values of California bearing ratio from bearing capacity data.” Geotechnique, 11(1), 14–21.
Challinor, J. (1978). A dictionary of geology, University of Wales Press, Cardiff, U.K.
Clegg, B. (1983a). “Application of an impact test to field evaluation of marginal base course materials.” Transportation Research Record. 898, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 174–181.
Clegg, B. (1983b). “Design compatible control for base course construction.” Aust. Road Res., 13(2), 112–122.
Garga, V. K, and Madureira, C. J. (1985). “Compaction characteristics of River Terrace gravel.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 111(8), 987–1007.
Geodetic Supplies & Repairs. (2005). “Clegg impact testers.” ⟨http://www.geodetic.com.au⟩ (Dec. 2005).
Holtz, W. G., and Lowitz, C. A. (1957). “Compaction characteristics of gravelly soils.” Earth Laboratory Rep. No. 509, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver.
Hopkins, T. C., and Beckham, T. L. (2000). “Influence of clay fraction and moisture on the behavior of soil-aggregate.” Proc., 5th Int. Symp. on Unbound Aggregates in Roads, Nottingham, U.K., 21–28.
Hsu, T. S., and Saxena, S. K. (1991). “A general formula for determining density of compacted soils with oversize particles.” Soils Found., 31(3), 91–96.
Lekarp, F., Isacsson, U., and Dawson, A. (2000). “State of the art. I: Resilient response of unbound aggregates.” J. Transp. Eng., 126(1), 66–75.
Mathur, T. S., and Coghlans, G. T. (1987). “The use of the Clegg impact tester in managing and designing aggregate-surfaced roads.” 4th Int. Conf. on Low-Volume Roads, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., Vol. 1, 232–236.
Mohammed, O. E. (2001). “Effect of gradation and testing procedures on the load carrying capacity of calcareous sediments.” MS thesis, Civil Engineering, King Fahd Univ. of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Nataatmadja, A. (1988). “CBR test of a lateritic material aspects and implications.” Proc., Civil Engineering Dept., Univ. of Rookee, 176–185.
Rasouki, S. S., and El-Janabi, O. A. (1999). “Decrease in the CBR of a gypsiferous soil due to long term soaking.” Q. J. Eng. Geol., 32(1), 97–89.
Rasouki, S. S., and Kuttah, D. K. (2004). “Effect of soaking period and surcharge load on resilient modulus and California bearing ratio of gypsiferous soils.” Quarterly J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol., 37(2), 155–164.
Torrey, V. H., and Donaghe, R. R. (1994). “Compaction control of earth-rock mixtures: A new approach.” Geotech. Test. J., 17(3), 371–386.
Winter, M. G., Holmgeirsdttir, T. H., and Suhardi. (1998). “The effect of large particles on acceptability for earthworks compaction.” Q. J. Eng. Geol., 31, 247–268.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 19 • Issue 10 • October 2007
Pages: 834 - 847
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Jan 10, 2006
Accepted: Oct 19, 2006
Published online: Oct 1, 2007
Published in print: Oct 2007
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Kamran M. Nemati
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.