Influence of Water on Alkali-Silica Reaction: Experimental Study and Numerical Simulations
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 18, Issue 4
Abstract
Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a concrete pathology due to chemical reactions involving reactive silica from reactive aggregates and the inner solution of concrete. Main effects are swelling, cracking, and reduction in the mechanical properties of affected concretes. Water is very important for ASR; the more available water, the more expansion and degradation. This article presents new laws for modeling of the influence of water upon ASR. They are based on experimental results and then used to simulate results taken out of the scientific literature.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was performed as a collaboration between the Laboratoire de Mécanique of the University of Marne la Vallée (LaM–UMLV) and Electricité de France (DER and CIH from EdF). The first writer would like to thank Hélène Tournier and Eric Bourdarot from EdF for their financial and scientific support.
References
Baroghel-Bouny, B., Mainguy, M., Lassabatère, T., and Coussy, O. (2000). “Characterization and identification of equilibrium and moisture transfer properties for ordinary and high performance cementitious materials.” Cem. Concr. Res., 29(8), 1125–1238.
Bažant, Z. P., and Steffens, A. (2000). “Mathematical model for kinetics of alkali-silica reaction in concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 30(3), 419–428.
Benboudjema, F., Meftah, F., and Torrenti, J.-M. (2003). “A unified approach for the modeling of drying shrinkage and basic creep of concrete.” Proc., Euro-C Computational Modeling of Concrete Structures, Pongau, Austria, 391–400.
Capra, B., and Bournazel, J.-P. (1998). “Modeling of induced mechanical effects of alkali-aggregate reactions.” Cem. Concr. Res., 28(2), 251–260.
Delage, P., Howat, M. D., and Cui, Y. J. (1998). “The relationship between suction and swelling properties in a heavily compacted unsaturated clay.” Eng. Geol. (Amsterdam), 50(1–2), 31–48.
Guédon-Dubied, J. S., Cadoret, G., Durieux, V., Martineau, F., Fasseu, P., and Van Overbecke, V. (2000). “Study on Tournai limestone in Atoing Cimescaut quarry petrological, chemical and alkali reactivity approach.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Québec City, Canada, 335–344.
Kurihara, T., and Katawaki, K. (1989). “Effects of moisture control and inhibition on alkali silica reaction.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Kyoto, Japan, 629–634.
Larive, C. (1998). “Apports combinés de l’expérimentation et de la modélisation à la compréhension de l’alcali-réaction et de ses effets mécaniques.” OA 28, Presses du Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris (in French).
Larive, C., Laplaud, A., and Coussy, O. (2000). “The role of water in alkali-silica reaction.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Québec City, Canada, 61–69.
Li, K., Ulm, F.-J., Coussy, O., Larive, C., and Fan, L. (2000). “Chemoelastic modelling of alkali-silica reaction in concrete.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Québec City, Canada, 989–998.
Li, K., and Coussy, O. (2002). “Evaluation de l’état mécanique des ouvrages dégradés par la réaction alcali-granulat.” Revue Française de Génie Civil, 6, 835–852 (in French).
Ludwig, U. (1989). “Effects of environmental conditions on alkali-aggregate reaction and preventive measures.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Kyoto, Japan, 583–596.
Mather, B. (1999). “How to make concrete that will not suffer deleterious alkali-silica reaction.” Cem. Concr. Res., 29(8), 1277–1280.
Ministère de l’Equipement. (1994). Recommandations pour la prévention des désordres dus à l’alcali-réaction, Presses du Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris (in French).
Multon, S., Seignol, J.-F., and Toutlemonde, F. (2003). “Large girders subjected to alkali-silica reaction.” Proc., 6th CANMET ACI Int. Conf. on Durability of Concrete, American Concrete Institute, Detroit,299–318.
Multon, S., Merliot, E., Joly, M., and Toulemonde, F. (2004). “Water distribution in beams damaged by alkali-silica reaction: Global weighing and local gammadensitometry.” Mater. Struct., 37, 282–288.
Nielsen, A., Gottfredsen, F., and Thogersen, F. (1993). “Development of stresses in concrete structures with alkali-silica reactions.” Mater. Struct., 26(157), 152–158.
Nilsson, L. O. (1983). “Moisture effects on the alkali-silica reaction.” Proc., Int. Conf. on Alkalis in Concrete, Copenhagen, Denmark, 201–208.
Nishibayashi, S., Yamura, K., and Sakata, K. (1989). “Research on influence of cyclic wetting and drying on alkali-aggregate reaction.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Kyoto, Japan, 617–622.
Olafsson, H. (1986). “The effect of relative humidity and temperature on alkali expansion of mortar bars.” Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Ottawa, Canada, 461–465.
Poyet, S. (2003). “Etude de la dégradation des ouvrages en béton atteints par la réaction alcali-silice: Approche expérimentale et modélisation numérique multi-échelles dans un environnement hydro-chemo-mécanique variable.” Ph.D. thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, Marne la Vallée, France (in French).
Raoof, A. (1998). “Adsorption, distribution et dynamique de l’eau dans les milieux poreux.” SI 6, Presses du Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris (in French).
Rivard, P., Berube, M. A., Ballivy, G., and Ollivier, J. P. (2003). “Effect of drying-rewetting on the alkali concentration of the concrete pore solution.” Cem. Concr. Res., 33(6), 927–929.
Rogers, C. A., and Hooton, R. D. (1991). “Reduction in mortar and concrete expansion with reactive aggregates due to alkali leaching.” J. Cem., Concr., Aggregates (ASTM), 13(1), 42–49.
Tomosawa, F., Tamura, K., and Abe, M. (1989). “Influence of water content of concrete on alkali-aggregate reaction.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Kyoto, Japan, 881–885.
Torrenti, J.-M., Granger, L., Diruy, M., and Genin, P. (1999). “Modeling concrete shrinkage under variable ambient conditions.” ACI Mater. J., 96(1), 35–39.
Van Genuchten, M. T. (1980). “A closed form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44, 892–898.
Vivian, H. E. (1981). “The effect of drying on reactive aggregate and mortar expansions.” Proc., 5th Int. Conf. on Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Cape Town, South Africa, 252–28.
Wieker, W., Hubert, C., Heidemann, D., and Ebert, R. (2000). “Some experiences in chemical modelling of the alkali-silica reaction.” Proc., 11th Int. Conf. on Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete, Québec City, Canada, 119–128.
Xi, Y., Bažant, Z. P., Molina, L., and Jennings, H. M. (1994). “Moisture diffusion in cementious materials: Moisture capacity and diffusivity.” Adv. Cem. Based Mater., 1(6), 258–266.
Xu, Z., and Hooton, R. D. (1993). “Migration of alkali ions in mortar due to several mechanisms.” Cem. Concr. Res., 23(4), 951–961.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 18 • Issue 4 • August 2006
Pages: 588 - 596
Copyright
© 2006 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 22, 2004
Accepted: Jun 1, 2005
Published online: Aug 1, 2006
Published in print: Aug 2006
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Chiara F. Ferraris
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.