Linear Viscoelastic Analysis of Asphalt Mastics
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 16, Issue 2
Abstract
The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) is used to characterize linear viscoelastic properties of asphalt cement and asphalt mastic (asphalt cement with a filler that is smaller than 75 μm in size). The study focuses on using micromechanical and rheology-based models to assess the effect of two fillers, limestone and hydrated lime, on the performance of the asphalt mastic. Two distinctly, compositionally different asphalt cements were selected to assess the filler effect. Micromechanical models were reviewed, and the most appropriate of these models were used to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of the asphalt mastic (composite). Since the micromechanical models are developed for elastic materials, it was necessary to use the elastic–viscoelastic correspondence principle in order to apply these models. The literature was also reviewed for the most appropriate rheology-based models to account for the effect of fillers in the mastic. The Nielsen model was selected since it employs two rheological parameters to explain the filler effect: the generalized Einstein coefficient and the maximum filler packing fraction. The micromechanical models show good agreement with testing data at low particle volume concentration. The rheological model can successfully predict the stiffening effect of limestone filler when added up to 25% by volume. However the effect of hydrated lime requires a more specific understanding of the substantial surface interactions, which are highly binder specific.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Anderson, D. A., and Goetz, W. H. (1973). “Mechanical behavior and reinforcement of mineral filler-asphalt mixtures.” Proc., Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 42, 37–66.
Buttlar, W. G., Bozkurt, D., Al-Khateeb, G. G., and Waldhoff, A. S. (1999). “Understanding asphalt mastic behavior through micromechanics.” Transportation Research Record 1681, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 157–169.
Christensen, R. M.(1969). “Viscoelastic properties of heterogeneous media.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 17, 23–41.
Christensen, R. M., and Lo, K. H.(1979). “Solutions for effective shear properties in three phase sphere and cylinder models.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 27, 315–330.
Christensen, R. M., and Lo, K. H.(1986). “Erratum: Solutions for effective shear properties in three phase sphere and cylinder models.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 34, 639–639.
Cooley, L. A., Stroup-Gardiner, M., Brown, E. R., Hanson, D. I., and Fletcher, M. O.(1998). “Characterization of asphalt-filler mortars with superpave binder tests.” J. Assn. Asphalt Paving Technol.,67, 42–65.
Craus, J., Ishai, I., and Sides, A.(1978). “Some physico-chemical aspects of the effect and the role of the filler in bituminous paving mixtures.” J. Assn. Asphalt Paving Technol.,47, 558–588.
Einstein, A.(1906). “Eine Neue Bestimmung der Molekuldimensionen.” Ann. Phys. (Leipzig), 19, 289.
Eshelby, J. D.(1957). “The determination of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion, and related problems.” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 241, 376–396.
Ferry, J. D. (1980). Viscoelastic properties of polymers, 3rd Ed., Wiley, New York.
Harris, B. M., and Stuart, K. D.(1995). “Analysis of mineral fillers and mastics used in stone matrix asphalt.” J. Assn. Asphalt Paving Technol.,64, 54–95.
Hashin, Z. (1962). “The elastic moduli of heterogeneous materials.” J. Appl. Mech., 143–150.
Hashin, Z. (1965). “Viscoelastic behavior of heterogeneous media.” J. Appl. Mech., 630–636.
Hashin, Z.(1970). “Complex moduli of viscoelastic composites—I. general theory and application to particulate composites.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 6, 539–552.
Hashin, Z., and Shtrikman, S.(1963). “A variational approach to the theory of the elastic behavior of multiphase materials.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 11, 127–140.
Hopman, P., Vanelstraete, A., Verhasselt, A., and Walter, D. (1999). “Effects of hydrated lime on the behaviour of mastics and on their construction ageing.” Proc., Durable and Safe Road Pavements, Int. Conf., Vol. I, Kielce, Poland, 59–67.
Kavussi, A., and Hicks, R. G.(1997). “Properties of bituminous mixtures containing different fillers.” J. Assn. Asphalt Paving Technol.,66, 153–186.
Kerner, E. H.(1956). “The elastic and thermo-elastic properties of composite media.” Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. B, 69, 808.
Lesueur, D., and Little, D. N. (1999). “Effect of hydrated lime on rheology, fracture, and aging of bitumen.” Transportation Research Record 1661, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 93–105.
Lewis, T. B., and Nielsen, L. E.(1968). “Viscosity of dispersed and aggregated suspensions of spheres.” Trans. Soc. Rheol., 12, 421–443.
Lewis, T. B., and Nielsen, L. E.(1970). “Dynamic mechanical properties of particulate-filled composites.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 14, 1449–1471.
Little, D., and Kim, Y. (2002). “Using dynamic mechanical analysis as a tool to assess the suitablity of fillers in asphalt mixtures based on the mastic properties.” Proc., 10th Annual Int. Center for Aggregate Research Symp., Baltimore.
Marasteanu, M. O., and Anderson, D. A. (2000). “Establishing linear viscoelastic conditions for asphalt binders.” Transportation Research Record 1728, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1–6.
Nielsen, L. E.(1970). “Generalized equation for the elastic moduli of composite materials.” J. Appl. Phys., 41, 4626–4627.
Park, S. W., and Kim, Y. R.(2001). “Fitting Prony-series viscoelastic models with power-law presmoothing.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 13(1), 26–32.
Park, S. W., and Schapery, R. A.(1999). “Methods of interconversion between linear viscoelastic material functions. Part I—A numerical method based on Prony series.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 36(11), 1653–1675.
Schapery, R. A. (1962). “Approximate methods of transform inversion for viscoelastic stress analysis.” Proc., 4th U.S. National Congress on Applied Mechanics, 1075.
Schapery, R. A.(1974). “Viscoelastic behavior and analysis of composite materials.” Mech. Compos. Mater., 2, 85–168.
Shashidhar, N., Needham, S. P., Chollar, B. H., and Romero, P.(1999). “Prediction of the performance of mineral fillers in stone matrix asphalt.” J. Assn. Asphalt Paving Technol.,68, 222–251.
Shashidhar, N., and Romero, P. (1998). “Factors affecting the stiffening potential of mineral fillers.” Transportation Research Record 1638, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 94–100.
Zhou, F. P., Lydon, F. D., and Barr, B. I. G.(1995). “Effect of coarse aggregate on elastic modulus and compressive strength of high performance concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 20, 177–186.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 16 • Issue 2 • April 2004
Pages: 122 - 132
Copyright
Copyright © 2004 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 21, 2002
Accepted: Nov 22, 2002
Published online: Mar 15, 2004
Published in print: Apr 2004
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.