Life Cycle Modeling of Corrosion Affected Concrete Structures—Initiation
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 15, Issue 6
Abstract
Control and monitoring of reinforcement corrosion in concrete is of significant practical importance if premature failure of reinforced concrete structures is to be prevented. The detection of the initiation of reinforcement corrosion in concrete marks the beginning of whole life performance assessment for reinforced concrete structures. This paper attempts to present the concept of whole life performance assessment for structures and apply it to reinforced concrete structures located in a marine environment. Models used in the whole life assessment are developed and their statistics derived. A merit of the developed models is that they are derived from data representing concrete structures in real service conditions. The emphasis of the paper is to develop a reliability-based method to estimate the initiation time of reinforcement corrosion in concrete structures. This method can equip structural engineers and asset managers with confidence in decision making in regard to the maintenance and repairs of corroded reinforced concrete structures. It has been shown in the paper that the initiation time for reinforcement corrosion in concrete structures located in a marine environment is negligibly short for the service life consideration.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Almusallam, A. A., Al-Gahtani, A. S., Aziz, A. R., Dakhil, F. H.and Rasheeduzzafar.)1996). “Effect of reinforcement corrosion on flexural behavior of concrete slabs.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 8(3), 123–127.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). (1985). “Corrosion of metals in concrete.” ACI J., 82(1), 3–32.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). (1991). “Standard test method for half-cell potentials of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete.” ASTM-C876, Philadelphia, 425–430.
Andrade, C., Alonso, M. C., Feliu, S., and Gonzalez, J. A. (1996). “Advances in the on-site electrochemical measurement of reinforcement corrosion and their use for predicting residual life.” Proc., 13th Int. Conf. on Corrosion, Melbourne, Australia, 3.1–3.7.
Bamforth, P. B.(1999). “The derivation of input data for modeling chloride ingress from eightyear U.K. coastal exposure trials.” Mag. Concrete Res., 51(2), 89–96.
Broomfield, J. (1997). Corrosion of steel in concrete, understanding, investigating & repair, E & FN Spon, London.
Chaker, V., Ed. (1992). “Corrosion forms & control for infrastructure.” ASTM STP 1137, Philadelphia.
Clifton, J. R.(1993). “Predicting the service life of concrete.” ACI Mater. J., 90(6), 611–617.
Crank, J. (1975). The mathematics of diffusion, Clarendon, Oxford, U.K.
De Schutter, G.(1999). “Quantification of the influence of cracks in concrete structures on carbonation and chloride penetration.” Mag. Concrete Res., 51(6), 427–435.
Dhir, R. K. (1999). “Concrete durability.” Lecture Notes, Univ. of Dundee, Dundee, U.K.
Enright, M. P., and Frangopol, D. M.(1998). “Service-life prediction of deteriorating concrete bridges.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(3), 309–317.
Francois, R., and Castel, A.(2001). “Discussion on influences of bending crack and water–cement ratio on chloride-induced corrosion of main reinforcing bars and stirrups.” ACI Mater. J., 98(3), 276–278.
Frangopol, D. M., Lin, K. Y., and Estes, A.(1997). “Reliability of reinforced concrete girders under corrosion attack.” J. Struct. Eng., 123(3), 286–297.
Leeming, M. B. (1998). “Durability of concrete in and near the sea.” Concrete in Coastal Structures, R. T. L. Allen, ed., Thomas Telford, London, 73–98.
Li, C. Q.(2000). “Corrosion initiation of reinforcing steel in concrete under natural salt spray and service loading—Results and analysis.” ACI Mater. J., 97(6), 690–697.
Li, C. Q.(2001). “Initiation of chloride induced reinforcement corrosion in concrete structural members—Experimentation.” ACI Struct. J., 98(4), 501–510.
Mangat, P. S., and Molloy, B. T.(1994). “Prediction of long term chloride concentration in concrete.” Mater. Struct., 27(4), 338–346.
Melchers, R. E.(2001). “Assessment of existing structures—Approaches and research needs.” J. Struct. Eng., 127(4), 406–411.
Otsuki, N., Miyazato, S., Diola, N. B., and Suzuki, H.(2000). “Influences of bending crack and water–cement ratio on chloride-induced corrosion of main reinforcing bars and stirrups.” ACI Mater. J., 97(4), 454–465.
Roberts, M. B., Atkins, C., Hogg, V., and Middleton, C.(2000). “A proposed empirical corrosion model for reinforced concrete.” Struct. Bldg., I.C.E.,140(1), 1–11.
Sarja, A., and Vesikari, E. (1996). “Durability design of concrete structures.” RILEM Rep. No. 14, E & FN Spon, London.
Schiessl, P. (1988). “Corrosion of steel in concrete.” Rep. RILEM No. TC60-CSC RILEM, Chapman and Hall, London.
Thomas, M.(1996). “Chloride threshold in marine concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 26(4), 513–519.
Tonini, D. E., and Dean, S. W. (1976). “Chloride corrosion of steel in concrete.” ASTM STP 629, Philadelphia.
Tuutti, K. (1982). Corrosion of steel in concrete, Swedish Cement and Concrete Research Institute, 17–21.
Yoon, S. C., Kim, H. R., Wang, K., Weiss, W. J., and Shah, S. P. (1999). “The influence of loading on the corrosion and mechanical response of reinforced concrete elements.” Proc., ACI Convention.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 15 • Issue 6 • December 2003
Pages: 594 - 601
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 26, 2002
Accepted: Feb 12, 2003
Published online: Nov 14, 2003
Published in print: Dec 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.