Triaxial Tests of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 13, Issue 5
Abstract
This paper presents results of an extensive experimental parametric study of the mechanical response of various types of fiber-reinforced concrete tested under triaxial stress combinations. The objective of this study was to characterize the constitutive properties of these materials, with respect to fiber type and content, load path, condition at testing, and specimen size. A total of 250 tests were done on cylindrical specimens made of concretes with fiber contents (volumetric ratio): (1) steel microfiber, 1 and 2%; (2) mix of steel microfiber and long hooked steel fiber, 1 and 2%; (3) polypropylene fiber, 1.5 and 4%; and (4) mix of steel microfiber and polypropylene fiber, 2.5 and 5%. Triaxial stresses were applied either by hydraulic pressure or by means of passive confinement. In the latter procedure, lateral stress was provided by means of carbon fiber reinforced polymer jackets, wrapped to a fixed number of layers. Parameters of this component of the test program were (1) the number of wrap layers (one, two, or three); and (2) specimen size (two sizes were considered). Experimental results were used to quantify the relative influences induced by the various fiber additives and document the effectiveness of confinement provided by carbon fiber reinforced polymer wraps in comparison with actively applied lateral pressure. By mixing fibers of drastically different lengths, changes were effected both on the microstructure of the cement paste (by increasing its toughness) and on the macroscopic structure of concrete, thereby increasing the postpeak deformability and ductility of the material.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Akroyd, T. N. W. ( 1961). “Concrete under triaxial stress.” Mag. of Concrete Res., 15(39), 111–118.
2.
Bayasi, M. Z., and Soroushian, P. ( 1992). “Effect of steel fiber reinforcement on fresh mix properties of concrete.” ACI Mat. J., 89(4), 369–374.
3.
Bayasi, Z., and Zeng, J. ( 1993). “Properties of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete.” ACI Mat. J., 90(6), 605–610.
4.
Bazant, Z. P. ( 1993). “Size effect in tensile and compression quasibrittle failure.” Proc., JCI Int. Workshop: Size Effect in Concrete Struct., H. Mihashi, H. Okamura, and Z. P. Bazant, eds., 161–180.
5.
Bazant, Z. P., and Kwon, Y. W. ( 1994). “Failure of slender and stocky reinforced concrete columns: Tests of size effect.” Mat. and Struct., Paris, 27(166), 79–90.
6.
Fanella, D., and Krajcinovic, D. (1988). “Size effect in concrete.”J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 114(4), 704–715.
7.
Hatanaka, S., Mizuno, E., Koike, S., and Tanigawa, Y. ( 1993). “Experimental study on size effect in constitutive relationship of compressive concrete.” Proc., JCI Int. Workshop: Size Effect in Concrete Struct., H. Mihashi, H. Okamura, and Z. P. Bazant, eds., 129–140.
8.
Hoek, E., and Franklin, J. A. ( 1968). “Simple triaxial cell for field or laboratory testing of rock.” Inst. of Mining and Metallurgy, 77, A22–A26.
9.
Imran, I., and Pantazopoulou, S. J. ( 1996). “Experimental study of plain concrete under triaxial stress.” ACI Mat. J., 93(6), 589–601.
10.
Markeset, G., and Hillerborg, A. ( 1995). “Softening of concrete in compression localization and size effect.” Cement and Concrete Res., 25(4), 702–708.
11.
Mills, R. H. ( 1966). “Effects of sorbed water on dimensions, compressive strength and swelling pressure of hardened cement paste.” Rep. No. 90, Highway Research Board, 84–111.
12.
Morita, S., Fujii, S., and Kondo, G. ( 1993). “Experimental study on size effect in concrete structures.” Proc., JCI Int. Workshop: Size Effect in Concrete Struct., H. Mihashi, H. Okamura, and Z. P. Bazant, eds., 27–46.
13.
Murakami, M., Ishida, K., Nishino, K., Kubota, T., and Ohtani, Y. ( 1993). “Influence of aggregate size on damaged zone in compression.” Proc., JCI Int. Workshop: Size Effect in Concrete Struct., H. Mihashi, H. Okamura, and Z. P. Bazant, eds., 57–66.
14.
Pantazopoulou, S. J., and Mills, R. H. ( 1995). “Microstructural aspects of the mechanical response of plain concrete.” ACI Mat. J,, 92(6), 605–616.
15.
Richart, F. E., Brandtzaeg, A., and Brown, R. L. ( 1928). “A study of the failure of concrete under combined compressive stresses.” Engrg. Experiment Station Bull. No. 185, University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill.
16.
Robertson, B., and Mills, R. H. ( 1985). “Influence of sorbed fluids on compressive strength of cement paste.” Cement and Concrete Res. 15, 225–232.
17.
Rossi, P. ( 1994). “Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC): An example of French research.” ACI Mat. J., 91(3), 273–279.
18.
Saafi, M., Toutanji, H., and Li, Z. ( 1999). “Behavior of concrete columns confined with FRP tubes.” ACI Mat. J., 96(4), 500–509.
19.
Soroushian, P., and Bayasi, Z. ( 1991). “Fiber-type effects on the performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete.” ACI Mat. J., 88(2), 129–134.
20.
Spoelstra, M. R., and Monti, G. (1999). “FRP-confined concrete model.”J. Compos. for Constr., ASCE, 3(3), 143–150.
21.
Tavakoli, M. ( 1994). “Tensile and compressive strength of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete.” ACI SP-142: FRC Developments and Innovations, J. Daniel and S. Shah, eds., American Concrete Institute, Detroit.
22.
Terzaghi, K., and Peck, R. B. ( 1967). Sol mechanics in engineering practice.
23.
Zanganeh, M. ( 1996). “Mechanical properties of FRC, with ACM applications.” MASc thesis, Dept. of Civ. Engrg., University of Toronto, Toronto.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 13 • Issue 5 • October 2001
Pages: 340 - 348
History
Received: Feb 3, 2000
Published online: Oct 1, 2001
Published in print: Oct 2001
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.