Low‐Cycle Fatigue Behavior of Reinforcing Steel
Publication: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 6, Issue 4
Abstract
ASTM A615 grade 40 ordinary deformed‐steel reinforcing bars with a specified minimum yield strength of 276 MPa (40 ksi) and ASTM A722 high‐strength prestressing thread bars with a specified ultimate strength of 1,083 MPa (157 ksi) were experimentally evaluated for their low‐cycle fatigue behavior under axial‐strain‐controlled reversed cyclic tests with strain amplitudes ranging from yield to 6%. All tests were performed on virgin (unmachined) specimens to closely simulate seismic behavior in structural concrete members. A methodology is suggested to identify incipient (first‐cracking) failure of test specimens. The experimental data were evaluated with existing fatigue models, which related stress‐strain quantities to the failure life. Additional energy‐based fatigue models are proposed that relate various stress and/or strain quantities to the dissipated energy. The study demonstrates that the modulus of toughness and low‐cycle fatigue life for both the low‐ and high‐strength materials are similar. Based on fatigue considerations, it is concluded that existing design codes are overly restrictive in not permitting the use of high‐strength thread bars in seismic‐resisting elements.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
“Building code requirements for reinforced concrete.” (1989). ACI 318, Am. Concr. Inst., Detroit, Mich.
2.
Coffin, L. F. Jr. (1954). “A study of the effects of cyclic thermal stresses on a ductile metal.” Trans., American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, N.Y., 76, 931–950.
3.
“The design of concrete structures.” (1982). NZS 3101, Part 1 Code of Practice; Part 2 Comm. Standards Association of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.
4.
Koh, S. K., and Stephens, R. I. (1991). “Mean stress effects on low cycle fatigue for a high strength steel.” Fatigue Fracture of Engrg. Mater. and Struct., 14(4), 413–428.
5.
Lefebvre, D., and Ellyin, F. (1984). “Cyclic response and inelastic strain energy in low cycle fatigue.” Int. J. Fatigue, 6(1), 9–15.
6.
Lorenzo, F., and Laird, C. (1984). “A new approach to predicting fatigue life behavior under the action of mean stresses.” Mater. Sci. and Engrg., 62(2) 205–210.
7.
Mander, J. B., Panthaki, F. D., and Chaudhary, M. T. (1992). “Evaluation of seismic venerability of highway bridges in the eastern United States.” Lifeline earthquake engineering in the central and eastern U.S., D. B. Ballantyne, ed., ASCE, New York, N.Y., Sept., 72–86.
8.
Mander, J. B., Priestley, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1984). “Seismic design of bridge piers.” Research Report 84‐2, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, Feb.
9.
Mander, J. B., Priestley, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1988a). “Observed stress‐strain behavior of confined concrete.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 114(8), 1827–1849.
10.
Mander, J. B., Priestley, M. J. N., and Park, R. (1988b). “Theoretical stress‐strain model for confined concrete.” J. Struct. Engrg., ASCE, 114(8), 1804–1826.
11.
Manson, S. S. (1953). “Behavior of materials under conditions of thermal stress.” Heat Transfer Symp., University of Michigan Engineering Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Mich., 9–75.
12.
Rao, K. B. S., Valsan, M., Sandhya, R., Ray, S. K., Mannan, S. L., and Rodriguez, P. (1985). “On the failure condition in strain‐controlled low cycle fatigue.” Int. J. Fatigue, 7(3), 141–147.
13.
Smith, K. N., Watson, P., and Topper, T. H. (1970). “A stress‐strain function for the fatigue of metals.” J. Mater., 5(4), 767–778.
14.
“Specification for uncoated high‐strength steel bar for prestressing concrete.” (1987). ASTM A 722‐86, Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1.04, 668–672.
15.
“Standard recommended practice for constant amplitude low‐cycle fatigue testing.” (1987). ASTM E 606‐80, Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 3.01, 841–853.
16.
“Standard specification for deformed and plain billet‐steel bars for concrete reinforcement.” (1987). ASTM A 615‐86, Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1.04, 510–514.
17.
Sugiura, K., Chang, K. C., and Lee, G. C. (1991). “Evaluation of low‐cycle fatigue of structural metals.” J. Engrg. Mech., ASCE, 117(10), 2373–2383.
18.
Tong, X., Wang, D., and Xu, H. (1989). “Investigation of cyclic hysteresis energy in fatigue failure process.” Int. J. Fatigue, 11(5), 353–359.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
Volume 6 • Issue 4 • November 1994
Pages: 453 - 468
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 12, 1993
Published online: Nov 1, 1994
Published in print: Nov 1994
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.