Roof Damage in New Homes Caused by Hurricane Charley
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 21, Issue 2
Abstract
Hurricane Charley was the first Category 4 hurricane to strike Florida after 1992. This paper presents results of a study to investigate the performance of 425 of 747 roofs of new homes in Punta Gorda Isles, a subdivision of Punta Gorda that was directly in the path of Hurricane Charley shortly after it made landfall. The homes examined were larger, concrete/clay tiled roof homes having irregular floor plans and complex roof configurations not explicitly addressed by prevailing wind load codes. Roof damage was evaluated using images from aerial photographs taken at an elevation of approximately Specialized software was used to quantify damage. Damage was classified based on tile loss area. The study showed that the vast majority of the roofs were either undamaged or sustained minor damage. Fewer than 14% were classified as damaged. The most common observed tile loss was along ridges, corners, or in the hip zone where negative uplift pressures are recognized to be the highest. Given the modest observed damage, prevailing methods for estimating wind loads for irregular buildings specified in codes may be adequate. Problems encountered may be best resolved through new details for attaching tiles on ridges, corners, and hip zone.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was funded by an exploratory grant (No. NSFCMS-0456569) from the National Science Foundation. This funding is gratefully acknowledged. However, the opinions, findings reported are those of the writers and not those of the National Science Foundation. The writers are indebted to Pictometry International for making available aerial photographs of damage used in this paper.
References
ASCE. (2003). 7-02 minimum design loads for buildings and other structures, New York.
Bradford, N. M., and Sen, R. (2004). “Gable end-wall stability in Florida hurricane regions, 10-year review: Post-Hurricane Andrew (1992) to Florida Building Code (2002).” J. Archit. Eng., 10(2), 45–52.
Charlotte County Florida. (1997–2004 ). “Charlotte County Florida geographical information systems.” ⟨www.ccgis.com⟩ (April 28, 2005).
Charlotte County Property Appraiser. (1997–2004 ). “Record search.” ⟨http://www.ccappraiser.com/rp_real_search.asp⟩. (March 8, 2005).
Cook, R., and Sotani, M., eds. (1994). Hurricanes of 1992: Lessons Learned and Implications for the Future, Proc., Conf., ASCE, Miami, Fla., Dec. 1–3, 1993.
FEMA. (2004). “Tile roofing for hurricane prone areas, recovery advisory No. 3.” ⟨www.fema.com⟩ (June 21, 2005).
FEMA. (2005). “Hurricane Charley in Florida.” Washington, D.C.
Florida Building Code. (2001). ⟨www.floridabuilding.org/bc/default.asp⟩, Dept. of Community Affairs, Tallahassee, Fla., (May 11, 2005).
Meloy, N., Pai, N., Sen, R., and Mullins, G. (2005). “Impact of Hurricane Charley on residential and commercial construction.” Final Rep. to the National Science Foundation, CMS-0456569.
National Climatic Data Center. (2005). “Climate of 2004 Atlantic hurricane season.” ⟨http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/research/2004/hurricanes04.html#charley⟩ (June 17, 2005).
Pictometry International. (2002). User guide: Electronic field study version 2.4, Pictometry International, Rochester, N.Y.
Southern Building Code Congress International (SBC). (1993). “Standard for hurricane resistant residential construction.” SSTD 10-93, Southern Building Code Congress, Birmingham, Ala.
Southern Building Code Congress International. (1999). “Standard for hurricane resistant residential construction.” SSTD 10-99, Southern Building Code Congress, Birmingham, Ala.
Stathopoulos, T. (2003). “Wind loads on low buildings: In the wake of Alan Davenport’s contributions.” J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 91(12–15), 1565–1585.
Sell, B. L., and Sparks, P. R., eds. (1991). Hurricane Hugo one year later, ASCE, New York.
St. Petersburg Times. (2005). “FEMA: Costly repairs worth it.” June 3, 1A.
The Andreae Group. (1997–2003 ). “Punta Gorda waterfront real estate.” ⟨www.liveonthewater.com/punta-gorda-isles.htm⟩ (May 26, 2005).
U.S. Census Bureau. (2003). “Median and average square feet of floor area in new one-family houses completed by location.” ⟨http://www.census.gov/const/C25Ann/sftotalmedavgsqft.pdf⟩ (June 18, 2003).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 21 • Issue 2 • April 2007
Pages: 97 - 107
Copyright
© 2007 ASCE.
History
Received: Sep 12, 2005
Accepted: May 8, 2006
Published online: Apr 1, 2007
Published in print: Apr 2007
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.