Performance of Two Propped Diaphragm Walls in Stiff Residual Soils
Publication: Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 11, Issue 4
Abstract
Diaphragm walls with thicknesses ranging from 600–1,200 mm are increasingly used as both temporary and permanent supports for excavations in congested urban areas. This paper describes the performance of two propped excavations supported by diaphragm walls in stiff residual soils in Singapore. Performance measures include lateral wall deflections and wall-bending moments reduced from wall-inclinometer readings. A method of back-analyzing bending moments in a diaphragm wall from measured wall-inclinometer data for an uncracked and a cracked wall section is also presented and discussed. The finite element method was used for back-analyzing the performance of the two case histories. A series of parametric studies were also performed to study the effects of wall stiffness, wall embedment depth, and prop stiffness on the performance of diaphragm walls for excavations in stiff residual soils. Back-analysis indicated that cracking was accompanied by a substantial reduction in the bending moment in the diaphragm wall and a small increase in the lateral wall deflection.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
American Concrete Institute (ACI). “Building code requirements for reinforced concrete.”ACI 318/318R-89, American Concrete Institute (ACI), Detroit, Mich.
2.
Brady, B. H. G., and Brown, E. T. (1993). Rock mechanics for underground mining, 2nd Ed., Chapman & Hall, London, England.
3.
Branson, D. E. (1977). Deformation of concrete structures. McGraw-Hill, New York, N.Y.
4.
Broms, B. B., Wong, I. H., and Wong, K. S. (1986). “Experience with finite element analysis of braced excavation in Singapore.”Proc., 2nd Int. Symp. on Numer. Models in Geomechanics, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 309–324.
5.
Cheng, Y. M., and Tsui, Y. (1990). “Investigation into the deep excavation problem.”Conf. on Deep Found. Pract., CI-Premier, Singapore, 39–45.
6.
Clough, G. W., and O'Rourke, T. D. (1990). “Construction induced movements of insitu wall.”Proc., Des. and Perf. of Earth Retaining Struct., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 439–470.
7.
Clough, G. W., and Tsui, Y.(1974). “Performance of tied-back walls in clay.”J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 100(12), 1259–1273.
8.
Duncan, J. M., and Buchignani, A. L. (1976). “An engineering manual for settlement studies.”Geotech. Engrg. Rep., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
9.
Duncan, J. M., and Chang, C. S. (1977). “EXCAV: A computer program for analysis of stresses and movements in excavations.”Geotech. Engrg. Res. Rep. No. TE 77-4, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
10.
Duncan, J. M., Byrne, P., Wong, K. S., and Mabry, P. (1980). “Strength, stress-strain and bulk modulus parameters for finite element analysis of stresses and movements in soil masses.”Rep. No. VCB/GT/80-81, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
11.
Ghali, A.(1993). “Deflection of reinforced concrete members: A critical review.”ACI Structural J., 90(4), 364–373.
12.
Hubbard, H. W., Potts, D. M., Miller, D., and Burland, J. B.(1984). “Design of the retaining walls for the M25 cut and cover tunnel at Bell Common.”Geotechnique, London, England, 34(4), 495–512.
13.
Hudson, J. A. (1989). “Rock mechanics principles in engineering practice.”CIRIA Ground Engrg. Rep.: Underground Constr., Butterworths, London, England.
14.
Kong, F. K., and Evans, R. H. (1987). Reinforced and prestressed concrete, 3rd Ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, London, England.
15.
Ladd, C. C., Foote, R., Ishihara, K., Schlosser, F., and Poulos, H. G.(1977). “Stress-deformation and strength characteristics.”Proc., 9th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg., State-of-the-art-report, Tokyo, Japan, 2, 421–494.
16.
Mayne, P. W., and Kulhawy, F. H.(1982). “K0-OCR relationships in soil.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 108(6), 851–872.
17.
Soares, M. M.(1983). “The instrumentation of a diaphragm wall for the excavation for the Rio De Janeiro underground.”Int. Symp. on Field Measurements in Geomechanics, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1, 553–563.
18.
Whittle, A. J., and Hashash, Y. M. A. (1993). “Analysis of the behaviour of propped diaphragm walls in a deep clay deposit.”Proc., Retaining Struct., Thomas Telford, Cambridge, England, 131–139.
19.
Wong, K. S., and Broms, B. B.(1989). “Lateral wall deflections of braced excavations in clay.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 115(6), 853–870.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities
Volume 11 • Issue 4 • November 1997
Pages: 190 - 199
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Nov 1, 1997
Published in print: Nov 1997
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.