Low-Cost Ice-Control Structure
Publication: Journal of Cold Regions Engineering
Volume 11, Issue 3
Abstract
Communities located on small, northern rivers can experience severe breakup ice jams. While flood damages may be significant locally, they are often insufficient to justify the cost of conventional flood-control structures. Environmental concerns also tend to render these structures unattractive. A new, low-cost structure appears to be well suited to control breakup ice jams on small rivers. It consists of massive sloped blocks, partially buried in riprap, placed across the river adjacent to a natural floodplain. The blocks will arrest a breakup ice run and form a stable, partially grounded ice jam. Trees or boulders on the floodplain retain ice pieces in the river channel while allowing flow to bypass the structure. Large gaps between blocks allow easy fish and canoe passage. Refrigerated hydraulic model tests indicate that the structure should perform well even during severe breakup events. A prototype built in Hardwick, Vt., has performed well during the four mild breakup events experienced to date. Its cost of $3,600/m of river width represents about an order-of-magnitude reduction compared with previous ice-control structures.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ashton, G. D., ed. (1986). River and lake ice engineering. Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colo.
2.
Belore, H. S., Burrell, B. C., and Beltaos, S.(1990). “Ice jam mitigation.”Can. J. Civ. Engrg., 17(5), 675–685.
3.
Beltaos, S., ed. (1995). River ice jams. Water Resources Publications, Highlands Ranch, Colo.
4.
Calkins, D. J. (1985). “Ice jam prevention measures: Lamoille River at Hardwick, Vermont, U.S.A.”2nd Int. Conf. on Hydr. of Floods and Flood Control, Paper C3, BHRA, Cranfield, Beaford, U.K., 149–168.
5.
Dunne, T., and Leopold, L. B. (1978). Water in environmental planning. W. H. Freeman and Co., New York, N.Y.
6.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (1987). “Flood insurance study, Town and Village of Hardwick, Vermont, Caledonia County.” FEMA community number 500027, Washington, D.C.
7.
Federal Emergency Management Agency. (1996). “Mitigation strategy report.”Rep. FEMA-1101-DR-VT Prepared for the State of Vermont in Response to February 13, 1996 Disaster Declaration for the State of Vermont, Region-Interagency Hazard Mitigation Team, Washington, D.C.
8.
Frankenstein, G. (1966). “Strength of ice sheets.”Proc., Conf. on Ice Pressures Against Struct., Nat. Res. Council, Canada, 79–87.
9.
Gooch, G. E., and Deck, D. S. (1990). “Model study of the Cazenovia Creek ice control structure.”Spec. Rep. 90-29, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), Hanover, N.H.
10.
Gow, A. J., Ueda, H. T., and Ricard, J. A. (1978). “Flexural strength of ice on temperate lakes.”CRREL Rep. 78-9, CRREL, Hanover, N.H.
11.
Lever, J. H., and Nislow, K. (1995). “River ice control and fish habitat restoration: mutual interests and benefits.” M. R. Albert and S. Taylor, eds. Proc., 52nd Eastern Snow Conf., 151–158.
12.
Michel, B. (1971). “Winter regime of rivers and lakes.”Cold Regions Sci. and Engrg. Monograph III-B1a, CRREL, Hanover, N.H.
13.
Prowse, T. D., Demuth, M. N., and Chew, H. A. M. (1990). “Changes in the flexural strength of ice under radiation decay.”Nordic Hydro., 21(4–5), 341–354.
14.
Tuthill, A. M. (1995). “Structural ice control: review of existing methods.”Spec. Rep. 779, CRREL, Hanover, N.H.
15.
Tuthill, A. M., Wuebben, J. L., Daly, S. F., and White, K. D.(1996). “Probability distributions for peak stage on rivers affected by ice jams.”J. Cold Reg. Engrg., ASCE, 10(1), 36–57.
16.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1976). “Detailed project report for the Lamoille River at the Town of Hardwick, Vermont.” New York District Corps of Engineers, New York, N.Y.
17.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1990). “HEC-2 water surface profiles.” Hydro. Engrg. Ctr., Davis, Calif.
18.
Wuebben, J. L., and Stewart, D. M. (1978). “Physical measurement of ice jams, 1976–77 field sensor.”Spec. Rep. 78-3, CRREL, Hanover, N.H.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Sep 1, 1997
Published in print: Sep 1997
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.