Ship Traffic Modeling Methodology for Ports
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 129, Issue 5
Abstract
Simulation is a very powerful tool for the analysis and planning of seaport operations. A well-designed and calibrated simulation model can provide useful insights about complex port operations that analytical models cannot capture accurately. An important part of any port operations simulator is the module that produces the ship traffic. This paper presents a ship traffic modeling methodology based on statistical analysis of containership traffic and cargo data obtained from a port in the United States. Implementation of the described procedure led to the creation of a simulation algorithm that captured ship traffic characteristics well. Functional relationships are also developed between ship length and ship draft and between ship length and cargo capacity. The relationship between the average number of handled containers and the number of cranes used is described. The information and conclusions provided here are intended to give guidance on achieving time efficiency and accuracy in the modeling of ship traffic and calibration of container port simulation models.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Chambers, J. (1998). Programming with data: A guide to the S language, Springer, New York.
Cinlar, E. (1974). Introduction to stochastic processes, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Daganzo, C. (1989a). “Crane productivity and ship delay in ports.” Transportation Research Record 1251, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Daganzo, C.(1989b). “The crane scheduling problem.” Transp. Res., Part B: Methodol., 23(3), 159–175.
Hayuth, Y., Pollatschek, M., and Roll, T.(1994). “Building a port simulator.” Simulation, 63(3), 179–189.
Holguin-Veras, J., and Walton, C. (1995). “A categorized and annotated bibliography to the performance analysis of port operation.” Structural Engineering Rep. No. CE-STR-90-27, School of Civil Engineering, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, Ind.
Huber, P. (1981). Robust statistics, Wiley, New York.
Jones, J., and Blunden, W.(1968). “Ship turn-around time at the port of Bankok.” J. Waterw. Harbors Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 94(2), 135–148.
Kozan, E. (1995). “Planning seaport container terminals.” Modelling and control of national and regional economies, postprint volume from the IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/SEDC Symp., Queensland, Australia, 223–228.
Kozan, E.(1997). “Comparison of analytical and simulation planning models for seaport container terminals.” Transp. Plan. Technol., 20(3), 235–248.
Law, A., and Kelton, W. (2000). Simulation modeling and analysis, 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York.
Lewis, P., and Shedler, G.(1979). “Simulation of non-homogeneous Poisson process by thinning.” Naval Res. Logistics Quart., 26(3), 403–413.
Miller, A.(1971). “Queuing at single-berth shipping terminal.” J. Waterw., Harbors Coastal Eng. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 97(1), 43–56.
Nevins, M. R., Macal, C., and Joines, J.(1998). “A discrete-event simulation model for seaport operations.” Simulation, 70(4), 213–223.
Nicolaou, S.(1967). “Berth planning and evaluation of congestion and cost.” J. Waterw. Harbors Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 93(4), 107–132.
Noritake, M., and Kimura, S.(1990). “Optimum allocation and size of seaports.” J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 116(2), 287–299.
Park, C., and Noh, Y.(1997). “A port simulation model for bulk cargo operations.” Simulation, 48(6), 236–246.
Peterkofsky, R., and Daganzo, C.(1990). “A branch and bound algorithm for the crane scheduling problem.” Transp. Res., Part B: Methodol., 24(3), 159–172.
Plumlee, C.(1966). “Optimum size seaport.” J. Waterw. Harbors Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 92(3), 1–24.
Radmilovic, Z. R.(1992). “Ship-berth link as bulk queuing system in ports.” J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 118(5), 474–495.
Ramani, K.(1996). “An interactive simulation model for the logistics planning of container operations in seaports.” Simulation, 66(5), 291–300.
Schriber, T. J. (1991). An introduction to simulation using GPSS/H, Wiley, New York.
Shabayek, A., and Yeung, W.(2001). “Effect of seasonal factors on performance of container terminals.” J. Waterw., Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng., 127(3), 135–140.
Shabayek, A., and Yeung, W.(2002). “A simulation model for the Kwai Chung container terminals in Hong King.” Eur. J. Oper. Res., 140, 1–11.
SHIPDES. (2000). Interactive database of the Maritime Information Centre (MIC), Delft Univ. of Technology, Mekelweg, 2 2628 CD, Delft, The Netherlands, 〈http://delfi.library.tudelft.nl:4505/ALEPH/-/start/SHIPDES〉 (March, 2000).
Turner, H. S.(2000). “Evaluating seaport policy alternatives: A simulation study of terminal leasing policy and system performance.” Maritime Policy and Management, 27(3), 283–301.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (1969). Development of ports: Improvement of port operations and connected facilities, United Nations, New York.
Van, K., and Wijbrands, R.(1988). “Decision support system for container terminal planning.” Eur. J. Oper. Res., 34, 262–272.
Venables, W., and Ripley, B. (1999). Modern applied statistics with S-Plus, 3rd Ed., Springer, New York.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 129 • Issue 5 • September 2003
Pages: 193 - 202
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 6, 2002
Accepted: Jan 16, 2003
Published online: Aug 15, 2003
Published in print: Sep 2003
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.