Bed Forms Generated on Sandy Bottom by Oblique Standing Waves
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 6
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a study of bed forms generated on a sandy bottom by an oblique standing wave resulting from obliquely incident long-crested waves on a fully reflecting vertical wall. Under antinodes of the oblique standing wave, the sand ripples have crests aligned perpendicular to the wall (type A); under nodes, the ripple crests are aligned with the wall and ride on the top of larger scale sandbars (type C), whereas “island” ripples of a honeycombed structure (type B) appear between nodes and antinodes of the oblique standing wave system. The type A and C ripples could be compared to those generated by long-crested progressive waves, whereas the sandbars at nodes, with ripples riding on them, were compared to those generated by two-dimensional standing waves. Results for the bed-form geometry of type A ripples, type C ripples, and sandbars, as well as type B “bottom islands,” are presented as a function of water particle semiexcursion, mobility number, and Shields parameter.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Bagnold, R. A. (1946). “Motion of waves in shallow water: Interaction between waves and sand bottoms.”Proc., Royal Soc. London, Ser. A, 187, 1—15.
2.
Carstens, M. R., Neilson, F. M., and Altinbilek, H. D. (1969). “Bed forms generated in the laboratory under oscillatory flow.”Tech. Memo 28, Coastal Engrg. Res. Ctr., Washington, D.C.
3.
Carter, T. C., Liu, P. L.-F., and Mei, C. C. (1973). “Mass transport by waves and offshore sand bedforms.”J. Wtrwy., Harb., and Coast. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 99(2), 165—184.
4.
Chappelear, J. E. (1961). “On the description of short-crested waves.”Tech. Memo 125, Beach Erosion Board, U.S. Army Corps of Engrs., Washington, D.C.
5.
Dingler, J. R. (1974). “Wave formed ripples in nearshore sands.” PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego, Calif.
6.
Fuchs, R. A. (1952). “On the theory of short-crested oscillatory waves.”Circular No. 521, Gravity Waves, U.S. Nat. Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md., 187—200.
7.
Hara, T., and Mei, C. C. (1987). “Bragg scattering of surface waves by periodic bars: Theory and experiment.”J. Fluid Mech., 178, 221—241.
8.
Herbich, J. B., Murphy, H. D., and Van Weele, B. (1965). “Scour of flat sand beaches due to wave action in front of sea walls.”Coast. Engrg.: Santa Barbara Spec. Conf., ASCE, Reston, Va., 705—726.
9.
Hsu, J. R. C., Silvester, R., and Tsuchiya, Y. (1980). “Boundary-layer velocities and mass transport in short-crested waves.”J. Fluid Mech., 99, 321—342.
10.
Hsu, J. R. C., Tsuchiya, Y., and Silvester, R. (1979). “Third-order approximation to short-crested waves.”J. Fluid Mech., 90, 179—196.
11.
Irie, I., and Nadaoka, K. (1984). “Laboratory reproduction of seabed scour in front of breakwaters.”Proc. 19th Conf. on Coast. Engrg., ASCE, Reston, Va., 2, 1715—1731.
12.
Jeffreys, H. (1924). “On water waves near the shore.”Philosophical Mag., Ser. 6, 48, 44—48.
13.
Jonsson, I. G. (1966). “Wave boundary layers and friction factors.”Proc., 10th Int. Conf. Coast. Engrg., ASCE, 127—148.
14.
Kennedy, J. F., and Falcon, M. (1965). “Wave-generated sediment ripples.”Hydrodynamics Laboratory Rep. No. 86, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.
15.
Lin, M. C., Wu, C. T., Lu, Y. C., and Liang, N. K. (1986). “Effects of short-crested waves on the scouring around the breakwater.”Proc., 20th Conf. on Coast. Engrg., ASCE, Reston, Va., 2050—2064.
16.
Lofquist, K. E. B. (1978). “Sand ripple growth in an oscillatory-flow water tunnel.”Tech. Paper 78-5, Coast. Engrg. Res. Ctr., Washington, D.C.
17.
Mei, C. C. (1985). “Resonant reflection of surface water waves by periodic sandbars.”J. Fluid Mech., 152, 315—335.
18.
Miller, M. C., and Komar, P. D. (1980). “Oscillation sand ripples generated by laboratory apparatus.”J. Sediment Petrology, 50, 173—182.
19.
Mogridge, G. R., and Kamphuis, J. W. (1972). “Experiments on bed-form generation by wave action.”Proc., 13th Conf. on Coast. Engrg., ASCE, Reston, Va., 1123—1142.
20.
Nielsen, A. H. (1962). “Diffraction of periodic waves along a vertical breakwater for small angles of incidence.”Tech. Rep. HEL-1-2, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Inst. of Engrg. Res.
21.
Nielsen, P. (1979). “Some basic concepts of wave sediment transport.”Ser. Paper 20, Inst. Hydrodynamic and Hydraulic Engineering, Tech. Univ. of Denmark.
22.
Nielsen, P. (1981). “Dynamics and geometry of wave-generated ripples.”J. Geophys. Res., 86(C7), 6467—6472.
23.
Nielsen, P. (1994). Coastal bottom boundary layers and sediment transport. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore.
24.
Silvester, R. (1972). “Wave reflection at seawalls and breakwaters.”Proc., Instn. Civ. Engrs., London, 51, 123—131.
25.
Silvester, R. (1975). “Sediment transmission across entrances by natural means.”Proc., 16th Congress, IAHR, 1, 145—156.
26.
Swart, D. H. (1974). “Offshore sediment transport and equilibrium beach profiles.”Publ. No. 131, Delft Hydr. Lab., Delft, The Netherlands.
27.
Tanaka, N., Irie, I., and Ozasa, H. (1972). “A study on the velocity distribution of mass transport caused by diagonal partial standing waves.”Port and Harbour Res. Inst. Rep., 11(3), 112—137.
28.
Tsai, C. P. (1995). “Wave-induced liquefaction potential in a porous seabed in front of a breakwater.”Oc. Engrg., 22(1), 1—18.
29.
Wiegel, R. L. (1964). Oceanographical engineering. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
30.
Xie, S. (1985). “Scouring patterns in front of vertical breakwaters.”Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 4(1), 153—164.
31.
Yalin, S., and Russell, R. C. H. (1962). “Similarity in sediment transport due to waves.”Proc., 8th Int. Conf. Coast. Engrg., ASCE, 151–167.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 124 • Issue 6 • November 1998
Pages: 295 - 302
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Nov 1, 1998
Published in print: Nov 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.