TECHNICAL PAPERS
Mar 1, 1998

Residence Time of Freshwater in Boston's Inner Harbor

Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 2

Abstract

Two field tracer studies and some numerical model experiments were used to analyze the residence time of freshwater in Boston's inner harbor, and thereby help evaluate water quality impacts of combined sewer overflows. An exponential filter was used to modify the freshwater fraction approach for variable freshwater inflow and to reanalyze data from Bumpus et al. (1953). Results showed an inverse relationship between residence time and inflow rate, with times ranging from 2 to 10 d. An instantaneous dye study gave a residence time of 3.75 d, consistent with the freshwater measurements for conditions of summertime low flow. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical model applied to a schematized domain was able to reproduce trends observed in both the freshwater and dye studies.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Adams, E. E., and Koussis, A. D.(1980). “Transient analysis for shallow cooling ponds.”J. Energy Div., ASCE, 106(2), 141–153.
2.
Adams, E. E., McGillivary, D. L., Suh, S. W., and Luxenberg, R. R. (1993). “Analysis of Boston Inner Harbor dye study.” MIT Sea Grant College Program, Cambridge, Mass.
3.
Adams, E. E., and Zhang, X.-Y. (1991). “The impact of CSOs on Boston Harbor: a new look based on 1990 data.”Tech. Rep. 91-9, Envir. Qual. Dept., Massachusetts Water Res. Auth., Boston, Mass.
4.
Adams, E., Stolzenbach, K., Abbott, J., Agostini, D., Canaday, A., Caroli, J., Lawler, M., Lee, J., Martin, D., Newman, K., and Zhang, X. (1992). “Transport of contaminated sediments in Boston Harbor: fluorescent tracer studies.”Tech. Rep. 92-9, Envir. Qual. Dept., Massachusetts Water Res. Auth., Boston, Mass.
5.
Alber, M., and Chan, A. B. (1994). “Sources of contaminants to Boston Harbor: revised loading estimates.”Tech. Rep. 94-1, Envir. Qual. Dept., Massachusetts Water Res. Auth., Boston, Mass.
6.
“A primer for ECOM-si.” (1991). HydroQual, Inc., Mahwah, N.J.
7.
Asselin, S., and Spaulding, M. L.(1993). “Flushing times for the Providence River based on tracer experiments.”Estuaries, 16(4), 830–839.
8.
Blumberg, A. F., and Mellor, G. L. (1987). “A description of a three-dimensional coastal ocean circulation model.”Three dimensional coastal ocean models, N. Heaps, ed., Vol. 4, American Geophysics Union, Washington, D.C., 1–16.
9.
Bolin, B., and Rodhe, H.(1973). “A note on the concept of age distribution and transit time in natural reservoirs.”Tellus, 25, 58–62.
10.
Bumpus, D. F., Butcher, W. S., Athern, W. D., and Day, C. G. (1953). “Inshore survey project, Boston, final harbor report.”Ref. 53-20, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., Woods Hole, Mass.
11.
Chan, A. B. J. (1995). “A numerical investigation of the effects of freshwater inflow on the flushing of Boston's Inner Harbor,” MS thesis, Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
12.
“Charles River Dam dye release during July 1992: simulation of CSO release to Boston's Inner Harbor.” (1993). Aquatec, Inc., Colchester, Vt.
13.
“Combined sewer overflow facilities plan and environmental impact report.” (1996). Draft submitted by Massachusetts Water Res. Auth. to Mass. EOEA.
14.
“Development of water quality model of Boston Harbor.” (1973). Publ. 6763, Hydroscience, Inc., Westwood, N.J.
15.
Dyer, K. R. (1973). Estuaries: a physical introduction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
16.
Fischer, H. B., List, E. J., Koh, R. C. Y., Imberger, J., and Brooks, N. H. (1979). Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters, Academic Press, Inc., New York, N.Y.
17.
Galperin, B., Kantha, L. H., Hassid, S., and Rosati, A.(1988). “A quasi-equilibrium turbulent energy model for geophysical flows.”J. Atmospheric Sci., 45, 55–62.
18.
Kantha, L. H., and Clayson, C. A. (1994). “An improved mixed layer model for geophysical applications.”J. Geophys. Res., 99(C12), 25,235–25,266.
19.
Ketchum, D. A.(1951a). “The flushing of tidal estuaries.”Sewage and Industrial Wastes, 23, 189–209.
20.
Ketchum, D. A. (1951b). “The dispersion and fate of pollution discharged into tidal waters and the viability of enteric bacteria in the sea.”Ref. 51-11, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., Woods Hole, Mass.
21.
Koopmans, L. H. (1974). The spectral analysis of time series. Academic Press, Inc., New York, N.Y.
22.
Koppula, S. D.(1981). “Predicting lake levels by exponential smoothing.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 107(1), 867–878.
23.
Kossik, R. F., Gschwend, P. S., and Adams, E. E. (1986). “Tracing and modeling pollutant transport in Boston Harbor.”Rep. No. MITSG 86-16, MIT Sea Grant College Program, Cambridge, Mass.
24.
Leo, W. S., Alber, M., Connor, M. S., Keay, K. E., and Rex, A. C. (1993). “Contaminated sediments in Boston Harbor,”Tech. Rep. 93-9, Envir. Qual. Dept., Massachusetts Water Res. Auth., Boston, Mass.
25.
Mellor, G. L., and Yamada, T.(1982). “Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical fluid problems.”Rev. Geophysical Space Phys., 20, 851–875.
26.
Officer, C. B. (1976). Physical oceanography of estuaries (and associated coastal waters), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
27.
“Receiving water quality model calibration.” (1989). Tech. Memo 5-3, Combined Sewer Overflow Facilities Plan, Massachusetts Water Res. Auth., Boston, Mass.
28.
Sanford, L. P., Boicourt, W. C., and Rives, S. R.(1992). “Model for estimating tidal flushing of small embayments.”J. Wtrwy., Port, Coast., and Oc. Engrg., ASCE, 118(6), 635–654.
29.
Shea, D., and Kelly, J. R. (1992). “Transport and fate of toxic contaminants discharged by MWRA into Massachusetts Bay.”Tech. Rep. 92-4, Envir. Qual. Dept., Massachusetts Water Res. Auth., Boston, Mass.
30.
Signell, R. P., and Butman, B. (1992). “Modeling tidal exchange and dispersion in Boston Harbor.”J. Geophys. Res., 97(C10), 15,591–15,606.
31.
Sung, W.(1991). “Some observations on the temporal variation of dissolved copper and zinc in Boston Harbor.”Civ. Engrg. Pract., J. Boston Soc. of Civ. Engrs., ASCE, 6(1), 99–110.
32.
“System master plan baseline assessment.” (1994). Massachusetts Water Res. Auth., Boston, Mass.
33.
“Tide tables 1991-East Coast of North and South America.” (1991). U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Nat. Oceanographic and Atmospheric Admin., Nat. Ocean Service.
34.
“Water resources data.” (1992). Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Water Year 1992, U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Data Rep. MA-RI-92-1.
35.
Zimmerman, J. T. F.(1976). “Mixing and flushing of tidal embayments in the western Dutch Wadden Sea. Part I: distribution of salinity and calculation of mixing time scales.”Netherlands J. Sea Res., 10(2), 149–191.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 124Issue 2March 1998
Pages: 82 - 89

History

Published online: Mar 1, 1998
Published in print: Mar 1998

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Amy B. Chan Hilton
Formerly, Amy B. Chan; Grad. Res. Asst., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904.
Drew L. McGillivary
Former Undergraduate Student, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139.
E. Eric Adams, Member, ASCE
Sr. Res. Engr. and Lect., Dept. Civ. and Envir. Engrg., MIT, Cambridge, MA.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share