Wave Kinematics and Surface Parameters of Steep Waves Traveling on Sheared Currents
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 1
Abstract
Measurements have been made of the velocity field and wave parameters for large waves on a moderately sheared current in a wave flume. Comparisons are made between the velocity fields measured with particle image velocimetry (PIV), the predictions due to irrotational wave theory combined with current stretching, and a fully nonlinear constant vorticity model. The stretching theory is found to be in good agreement with the constant vorticity model. The experimentally measured velocity profiles are well predicted by the models, except in the steepest cases (above 60 steepness), where the crest velocities are overpredicted and the trough velocities are underpredicted. Values of the equivalent current derived for the surface parameters are compared with near surface current weighting methods. It is found that the surface current value is closer to the equivalent current than any of the weighting methods.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Adrian, R. J. (1984). “Scattering particle characteristics and their effect on pulsed laser measurement of fluid flows: speckle velocimetry vrs particle image velocimetry.”Appl. Optics, 23(11).
2.
Chaplin. (1990). “The computation of non-linear waves on a current of arbitrary non-uniform profile.”Rep. No. OTH 90 327, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England.
3.
Cummins, I., and Swan, C. (1994). “Vorticity effects in combined waves and currents.”Proc. Int. Conf. on Coastal Engrg., 113–127.
4.
Dalrymple, R. A., and Heideman, J. E. (1989). “Non-linear water-waves on a vertically sheared current.”Rep. No. 3.12/156, Wave and Current Kinematics and Loading, E&P Forum.
5.
Fenton, J. D.(1985). “A fifth order Stokes wave theory for steady waves.”J. Wtrwy., Port, Coast. and Oc. Engrg., 111, 216–234.
6.
Gray, C., and Bruce, T. (1995). “The application of particle image velocimetry (PIV) to offshore engineering.”Proc., 5th Int. Conf. on Offshore and Polar Engrg., 701–708.
7.
Gray, C., Greated, C. A., McCluskey, D. R., and Easson, W. J.(1991). “An analysis of the scanning beam PIV illumination system.”J. Phys. Meas. Sci. and Tech., 2, 717–724.
8.
Greated, C. A., Skyner, D. J., and Bruce, T. (1992). “Particle image velocimetry in the coastal engineering laboratory.”Proc., 23rd Conf. Coastal Engrg.
9.
Griffiths, G. (1990). “Near surface current shear in the open sea.”Rep. No. OTO-90-024, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, England.
10.
Hedges, T. S.(1978). “Some effects of currents on measurement and analysis of waves.”Proc. Inst. Civ. Engrs., 65, 685–692.
11.
Hedges, T. S., and Lee, B. W.(1992). “The equivalent uniform current in wave-current computations.”Coast. Engrg., 16, 301–311.
12.
Heideman, J. C., Hagen, O., Cooper, C., and Dahl, F.-E.(1989). “Joint probability of extreme waves and currents on the Norwegian Shelf.”J. Wtrwy., Port, Coast., and Oc. Engrg., 115, 534–546.
13.
Huntley, J. M. (1989). “Speckle photography fringe analysis: assessment of current algorithms.”Appl. Optics, 28(20).
14.
Kantardgi, I. (1995). “Effect of depth current profile on wave parameters.”Coast. Engrg., 26, 195–206. Offshore installations: guidance on design, construction and certification, (1990). 4th Ed., Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, England.
15.
Richman, J. G., and de Szoeke, R. A. (1987). “Measurements of near-surface shear in the ocean.”J. Geophys. Res., 92(C3), 2851–2858.
16.
Rienecker, M. M., and Fenton, J. D.(1981). “A Fourier approximation method for steady water waves.”J. Fluid Mech., Cambridge, U.K., 104, 119–137.
17.
Skyner, D. J. (1992). “The mechanics of extreme water waves,” PhD thesis, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland.
18.
Skyner, D. J.(1996). “A comparison of numerical predictions and experimental measurements of the internal kinematics of a deep-water plunging wave.”J. Fluid Mech., 315, 51–64.
19.
Skyner, D. J., and Easson, W. J. (1992). “The effect of sheared currents on wave kinematics and surface parameters.”Proc., 23rd Int. Conf. on Coast. Engrg., ASCE, New York, N.Y.
20.
Skyner, D. J., and Easson, W. J.(1993). “Wave kinematics on sheared currents.”Advances in Underwater Technol., Oc. Sci., and Engrg., 29, 101–113.
21.
Swan, C. J. (1990). “An experimental study of waves on a strongly sheared profile.”Proc., 22nd Int. Conf. on Coast. Engrg., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 489–502.
22.
Teles da Silva, A. F., and Peregrine, D. H.(1988). “Steep, steady surface waves on water of finite depth with constant vorticity.”J. Fluid Mech., 195, 281–302.
23.
Thomas, G. P.(1990). “Wave-current interactions: an experimental and numerical study. Part 2. Non-linear waves.”J. Fluid Mech., 216, 505–536.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jan 1, 1998
Published in print: Jan 1998
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.