Emergency Ferry Landing Design

Ferry-landing structures are occasionally subjected to unusually large impacts because of human error, mechanical failure, and adverse environmental conditions. As a result, the landing structure, the vessel, and its contents are often damaged, and the crew and passengers may suffer injuries. By installing devices that can absorb large amounts of kinetic energy, designers can mitigate damage. This paper describes a research project that developed design criteria for systems that will improve the performance of car-ferry landings in the case of unusually large impacts. Requirements for energy absorption and minimum desirable stopping distance are addressed. A method for selecting design approach velocity is discussed. The design criteria are applied to conceptual designs for three general types of systems that may improve the safety of a landing: reinforcement of existing structures, vessel arrestors, and sacrificial structures. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed and cost estimates are provided. Recommendations for further development are made.