Kinematics of 2‐D Transient Water Waves Using Laser Doppler Anemometry
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 118, Issue 2
Abstract
Results of recent research on experimental investigation of wave‐fluid particle kinematics just prior to breaking using laser Doppler anemometry are presented. Extreme transient waves, similar to those found in hurricane Camille, and an “equivalent” regular wave, often used for design purposes, are generated and their kinematics measured. The kinematics of transient waves of smaller height are also measured to evaluate the effect of wave height, and these data are compared to Stokes third‐order theory. Due to particular asymmetries not present in the large regular symmetric wave, the transient wave kinematics under the crest are shown to be much more severe above the still water level and somewhat less severe below. The stretching method used for the simulated transient wave underestimates the horizontal velocities in the crest and overestimates them below the still water level. These comparisons suggest that it would be worthwhile to further investigate the use of extreme waves as more realistic design waves and to develop a wave theory that accounts for the effect of the asymmetries.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Birkinshaw, M., Easson, W. J., Greated, C. A., and Webb, R. M. (1988). “Breaking wave design: A case history.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Engrs., Part 2, 85, 415–433.
2.
Boo, S. Y., Kim, C. H., and Randall, R. E. (1990). “Software development for the measurement of wave kinematics and procedures for using laser doppler anemometer.” Offshore Technology Research Center Final Report, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Tex.
3.
Buckley, W. H. (1983). “A study of extreme waves and their effects on ship structure.” The Ship Structure Committee Report No. SSC‐320, The Ship Structure Committee.
4.
Buckley, W. H., and Stavovy, A. B. (1981). “Progress in the development of structural load criteria for extreme waves.” Proc. Extreme Loads Response Symp., The Ship Structure Committee and the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.
5.
Davis, M. C., and Zarnick, E. E. (1964). “Testing ship models in transient waves.” Proc. 5th Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics, Bergen, Norway.
6.
Dean, R. G., and Dalrymple, R. A. (1984). Water wave mechanics for engineers and scientists. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
7.
Dommermuth, D. G., Yue, D. K. P., Lin, W. M., Rapp, R. J., Chan, E. S., and Melville, W. K. (1988). “Deepwater plunging breakers: A comparison between potential theory and experiments.” J. Fluid Mech., 189, 423–442.
8.
Forristall, G. Z. (1981). “Kinematics of directionally spread waves.” Proc. ASCE Conference on Directional Wave Spectra Applications, ASCE, Sept., 129–166.
9.
Gudmestad, O. T. (1990). “A new approach for estimating irregular deep water wave kinematics.” J. Appl. Oc. Res., 12(1), 76–88.
10.
Gudmested, O. T., and Connor, J. J. (1986). “Engineering approximations to nonlinear deepwater waves.” J. Appl. Oc. Res., 8(2), 76–88.
11.
Kim, C. H., Randall, R. E., Krafft, M. J., and Boo, S. Y. (1990). “Experimental study of kinematics of large transient wave in 2‐D wave tank.” Proc. of the 22nd Annual Offshore Tech. Conference, May, Houston, Tex.
12.
Kjeldsen, S. P. (1989). “The experimental verification of numerical models of plunging breakers.” Proc. Coastal Engrg. Conference, 15–30.
13.
Kjeldsen, S. P., Vinje, T., Myrhaug, D., and Brevig, P. (1980). “Kinematics of deep water breaking waves.” Proc. 12th Annual Offshore Tech. Conference, Houston Tex.
14.
Krafft, M. J., and Kim, C. H. (1987). “Extreme transient water wave generation at Texas A&M University.” COE Report 294, Civil Engrg. Dept., Oc. Engrg. Program, Texas A&M Univ.
15.
Longuet‐Higgins, M. S. (1974). “Breaking waves in deep and shallow water.” Proc. 10th Symp. on Naval Hydrodynamics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
16.
Mansard, E. P. D., and Funke, E. R. (1982). “A new approach to transient wave generation.” Proc. 18th Int. Conference on Coastal Engrg., Cape Town, South Africa.
17.
Rapp, R. J. (1986). “Laboratory measurements of deep water breaking waves,” dissertation, presented to Massachusetts Institute of Technology, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
18.
Rodenbusch, G., and Forristall, G. Z, (1986). “An empirical model for random directional wave kinematics near the free surface.” Proc. 18th Annual Offshore Tech. Conference. May, Houston, Tex.
19.
Skjelbreia, J. E. (1987). “Observation of breaking waves on sloping bottoms by use of laser Doppler velocimetry.” Report No. KH‐R‐48, California Inst. of Tech. Pasadena, Calif.
20.
Takezawa, S., and Hirayama, T. (1977). “Advanced experimental techniques for testing ship models in transient water waves: Part II, the controlled transient water waves for using in ship motion tests.” IMechE, 37–54.
21.
Vugts, J. H., and Bosma, J. (1981). “Wave kinematics and fluid loading in irregular waves.” Int. Symp. on Hydrodynamics in Oc. Engrg., Aug., Trondheim, Norway.
22.
Ward, E. G. (1979). “Ocean data gathering program—An overview.” Proc. 6th Annual Offshore Tech. Conference, May, Houston, Tex.
23.
Wheeler, J. D. (1970). “Method for calculating forces produced by irregular waves.” J. Petroleum Tech., Mar., 359–367.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 118 • Issue 2 • March 1992
Pages: 147 - 165
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 ASCE.
History
Published online: Mar 1, 1992
Published in print: Mar 1992
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.