Horizontal Salinity Gradient Effects in Apalachicola Bay
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 117, Issue 5
Abstract
This research demonstrates that horizontal density gradients approximated by salinity gradient represent an additional forcing term in the equations of motion, which have a significant effect in certain portions of a well‐mixed estuary. The horizontal density gradient terms have been added to a two‐dimensional depth‐averaged hydrodynamic and salinity model that is applied to Apalachicola Bay, Florida. A variable‐size finite difference cell is used in the model to allow more efficient resolution of physical details. The estuary system is assumed to be well mixed and boundary conditions are satisfied at the bottom and top of the water column but vertical components of velocity are neglected. A high‐resolution numerical model is desirable with particular emphasis on areas near passes, channels, and other critical features. This is accomplished by applying a smoothly varying grid technique. Results from the numerical model are presented and compared with prototype data. Calibration and verification of the improved numerical model is accomplished with available prototype data.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Anderson, D. A., Tannehill, J. C., and Pletcher, R. H. (1984). Computational fluid mechanics and heat transfer. McGraw‐Hill Book Company, New York, N.Y., 167–169.
2.
Davies, A. M. (1981). “Three‐dimensional hydrodynamic numerical models. Part 1: A homogeneous ocean‐shelf model.” The Norwegian coastal current, R. Saetre and M. Mork, eds., Bergen University, Bergen, Norway, 2, 370–426.
3.
Hansen, W. (1956). “Theorie zur Errechnung des Wasserstands und der Stromungen in Randmeeren nebst Anwendungen.” Tellus, 8(3), 287–300.
4.
Heaps, N. S. (1983). Development of a three‐layered spectral model for the motion of a stratified sea. Part I: Basic equations. B. Jones, ed., Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
5.
Hines, W. W., and Montgomery, D. C. (1980). Probability and statistics in engineering and management science. 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, N.Y., 291–293.
6.
Leendertse, J. J. (1967). “Aspects of a computational model for long‐period water‐wave propagation.” Report No. RM‐5294‐PR, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
7.
Leendertse, J. J. (1970). “A water‐quality simulation model for well‐mixed estuaries and coastal seas.” Principals of Computation, RM‐6230‐RC, Vol. 1, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
8.
Leendertse, J. J. (1971). “A water‐quality simulation model for well‐mixed estuaries and coastal seas.” Computation Procedures, R‐708‐NYC, Vol. 2, Rand Corporation, New York, N.Y.
9.
Leendertse, J. J., Alexander, R. C., and Liu, S. K. (1973). “A three‐dimensional model for estuaries and coastal seas: Vol. I, principles of computation.” Report No. R‐1417‐OWRR, Rand Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
10.
McAnally, W. H., Jr., Brogdon, N. J., Jr., Letter, J. B., Jr., Stewart, J. P., and Thomas, W. A. (1983). “Columbia River estuary hybrid model studies.” Reports 1 through 4, Hydraulic Lab., U.S. Army Engr. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
11.
Ovsyannikov, L. V. (1979). “Two‐layer ‘shallow water’ model.” J. Appl. Mech. and Tech. Physics, 20(2), 127–135.
12.
Pritchard, D. W. (1971). “Estuarine modeling: An assessment.” NTIS Report No. PB‐206807, Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
13.
Raney, D. C., Huang, I., and Urgun, H. (1987). “A hydrodynamic and salinity model for Apalachicola Bay, Florida.” Res. Report No. 339‐183, Univ. of Alabama Bureau of Engrg., Tuscaloosa, Ala.
14.
Raney, D. C., and Jin, K. R. (1988). “Importance of density gradient terms in estuaries.” Proc. 1988 Nat. Conf. on Hydr. Engrg., ASCE, 622–727.
15.
Reid, R. O., and Bodine, B. R. (1968). “A numerical model for storm surges in Galveston Bay.” Proc., ASCE, 94(1).
16.
Roache, P. J. (1972). Computational fluid dynamics, Hermosa Publishers, Albuquerque, N.M., 15–204.
17.
Schmalz, R. A., Jr. (1985). “Numerical model investigation of Mississippi Sound and adjacent areas.” Report No. MP CERC‐85‐2, Coastal Engrg. Res. Ctr., U.S. Army Engr. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
18.
Seabergh, W. C. (1985). “Los Angeles and Long Beach harbors modlel study: Deepdraft dry bulk export terminal, alternative No. 6: Resonant response and tidal circulation studies.” Report No. MP CERC‐85‐8, Coastal Engrg. Res. Ctr., U.S. Army Engr. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss.
19.
Smith, L. H., and Cheng, R. T. (1987). “Tidal and tidally averaged circulation characteristics of Suisun Bay, California.” Water Resour. Res., 23(1), 143–155.
20.
Van Der Kreeke, J. (1988). “Dispersion in shallow estuaries.” Hydrodynamics of esturaries, Vol. 1, estuarine physics, Bjorn Kjerfve, ed., CRC Pres Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
21.
Vreugdenhil, C. B. (1979). “Two‐layer shallow‐water flow in two dimensions, a numerical study.” J. Computational Physics, 33(2), 169–184.
22.
Vreugdenhil, C. B., and Voogt, J. (1979). “Hydrodynamic transport phenomena in estuaries and coastal waters: Scope of mathematical models.” Proc. Symp. on Modeling Techniques, 1.
23.
Wanstrath, J. J., Whitaker, R. E., Reid, R. O., and Vastand, A. C. (1976). “Storm surge simulation in transformed coordinates.” Tech. Report 76‐3, U.S. Army Coastal Engrg. Res. Ctr., Fort Belvoir, Va.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1991 ASCE.
History
Published online: Sep 1, 1991
Published in print: Sep 1991
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.