Modeling Tidal Circulation in an Island's Wake
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 112, Issue 2
Abstract
Details of a numerical model study to predict the tidal circulation observed and measured in the lee of Rattray Island, Australia are presented. The hydrodynamic model is of the two‐dimensional depth integrated type, with particular emphasis being placed on the modeling of the advective accelerations and the lateral mixing in the free shear layer in the island's wake. The component of free shear layer turbulence includes a constant eddy viscosity approach in the mixing zone and the use of a semi‐empirical lateral velocity distribution. The numerically predicted circulatory velocity fields have been compared with field measurements, taken at 26 sites, aerial observations and Landsat imagery. The comparisons between both predicted and measured results are encouraging, with the eddy dimensions and circulation strength being similar for all tidal phases. Various other simulations are described, which chiefly suggest that, for this study: (1) The eddy characteristics are reduced when the lateral shear stress is neglected; (2) no eddy is reproduced when the advective accelerations are excluded; (3) bathymetric effects are significant; and (4) geostrophic effects are important at water elevation boundaries.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Abbott, M. B. (1979). “Computational Hydraulics.” Pitman Publishing Ltd., London, England.
2.
Abramowitz, M., and Stegun, I. A. (1966). “Handbook of Mathematical Functions.” National Bureau of Standards, Applied Mathematics, Series 55, US Department of Commerce, 5th ed.
3.
Dronkers, J. J. (1964). “Tidal Computations in Rivers and Coastal Seas.” North Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
4.
Falconer, R. A. “Mathematical Modelling of Jet‐Forced Circulation in Reservoirs and Harbours,” thesis presented to University of London, at London, England, in 1976, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosphy.
5.
Falconer, R. A., Wolanski, E., and Mardapitta‐Hadjipandeli, L. (Sept., 1984). “Numerical Simulation of Secondary Circulation in the Lee of Headlands.” Proceedings of the Nineteenth International Conference on Coastal Engineering, ASCE, Houston, TX.
6.
Falconer, R. A. (Dec., 1984). “Temperature Distributions in a Tidal How Field.” J. Environ. Engrg., ASCE, 110(6), 1099–1116.
7.
Falconer, R. A. (Mar., 1985). “Residual Currents in Port Talbot Harbour: A Mathematical: Model Study.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, Part 2, Vol. 79, 33–53.
8.
Falconer, R. A., and Owens, P. H. (Dec., 1984). “Mathematical Modelling of Tidal Currents in the Humber Estuary.” J. Instn. Water Engrs. and Scientists, 38(6), 528–542.
9.
Fischer, H. B. (1973). “Longitudinal Dispersion and Turbulent Mixing in Open Channel Flow.” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 5, 59–78.
10.
Flokstra, C. (1977). “The Closure Problem for Depth‐Averaged Two‐Dimensional Flow.” Paper A106, 17th IAHR Congress, Baden‐Baden, Germany, 247–256.
11.
Kuipers, J., and Vreugdenhil, C. B. (Oct., 1973). “Calculations of Two‐Dimensional Horizontal Flow.” Report No. S163, Part 1, Delft Hydraulics Laboratory, Delft, The Netherlands.
12.
Lean, G. H., and Weare, T. J. (Jan., 1979). “Modelling Two‐Dimensional Circulating Flow.” J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 105(HY1), 17–26.
13.
Leendertse, J. J. (Feb., 1970). “A Water‐Quality Simulation Model for Well‐Mixed Estuaries and Coastal Seas: Vol. 1, Principles of Computation.” Report No. RM‐6230‐RC. The Rand Corp., 77.
14.
Leendertse, J. J., and Gritton, E. C. (July, 1971). “A Water‐Quality Simulation Model for Well‐Mixed Estuaries and Coastal Seas: Vol. 11, Computation Procedures.” R‐708‐NYC, The Rand Corp., 53.
15.
Leendertse, J. J. (Apr., 1984). “Verification of a Model of the Eastern Scheldt.” R‐3108‐NETH, The Rand Corp., 127.
16.
Liepmann, H. W., and Laufer, J. (1947). “Investigations of Free Turbulent Mixing.” Technical Notes National Advisory Commission on Aeronautics, Washington, No. 1257.
17.
Mardapitta‐Hadjipandeli, L. “The Numerical Modelling of Tide Induced Circulation,” thesis presented to Univ. of Birmingham, at Birmingham, England, in 1984, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science.
18.
Pearson, C. E. (1965). “A Computational Method for Viscous Flow Problems.” J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 21, Part 4, 611–622.
19.
Pingree, R. D., and Maddock, L. (1980). “The Effects of Bottom Friction and Earth's Rotation on an Island's Wake.” J. Marine Biological Assoc., Vol. 60, 499–508.
20.
Pingree, R. D., and Maddock, L. (1980). “Tidally Induced Residual Flows Around an Island Due to Both Frictional and Rotational Effects.” Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 63, 533–546.
21.
Proudman, J. (1957). “Oscillations of Tide and Surge in an Estuary of Finite Length.” J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 2, 371–382.
22.
Smith, G. D. (1978). “Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations.” Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, Second ed.
23.
Townsend, A. A. (1956). “The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow.” Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, England.
24.
Weare, T. J. (May, 1976). “Instability in Tidal Flow Computational Schemes.” J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 102(HY5), 569–580.
25.
Wolanski, E., and Thomson, R. E. (Mar., 1984). “Wind‐Driven Circulation on the Northern Great Barrier Reef Continental Shelf in Summer.” Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 18(3), 271–290.
26.
Wolanski, E., Imberger, J., and Heron, M. (Nov., 1984). “Island Wakes in Shallow Coastal Waters.” J. Geophysical Research, 89(C6), 10553–10569.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 112 • Issue 2 • March 1986
Pages: 234 - 254
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 ASCE.
History
Published online: Mar 1, 1986
Published in print: Mar 1986
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.