Irregular Wave Overtopping on Gravel Islands
Publication: Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 109, Issue 4
Abstract
Gravel islands in the southern Beaufort Sea are subjected to wave activity during the short open water season. Occasional, severe storms may cause a significant amount of wave overtopping, resulting in flooding and erosion on the top of the gravel island. The statistical distributions of wave steepness, surf similarity parameter, and runup height are derived analytically using a wave‐by‐wave method. A unidirectional, irregular sea state is expressed in terms of the joint distribution of wave heights and periods proposed by a group C.N.E.X.O. The figures required for calculating the probability that runup height will exceed a selected berm height in a given sea state are presented. The expected quantity of water overtopping the berm is expressed in the form of a single integral which can be integrated numerically. Computation for a typical gravel island indicates that the probability of occurrence of wave overtopping and the expected quantity of overtopped water will increase with the spectral bandwidth and the correlation coefficient between individual wave heights and periods for the practical range of the berm height.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Ahrens, J. P., and McCartney, B. L., “Wave Period Effect on the Stability of Riprap,” Civil Engineering in the Oceans/III, 1975, pp. 1019–1034.
2.
Battjes, J. A., “Runup Distribution of Waves Breaking on Slopes,” Journal of the Waterways, Harbors, and Coastal Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 97, No. WW1, Feb., 1977, pp. 91–114.
3.
Boone, D. J., “The Construction of an Artificial Drilling Island in Intermediate Water Depths in the Beaufort Sea,” Proceedings of the 12th Offshore Technology Conference, OTC Paper 3873, 1980, pp. 187–195.
4.
Cavanie, A., Arhan, M., and Ezraty, R., “A Statistical Relationship Between Individual Heights and Periods of Storm Waves,” Proceedings of Behaviour of Offshore Structures, BOSS '76, Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Vol. II, 1976, pp. 354–360.
5.
Ezraty, R., Laurent, M., and Arhan, M., “Comparison with Observation at Sea of Period or Height Dependent Sea State Parameters from a Theoretical Model,” Proceedings of the 9th Offshore Technology Conference, OTC Paper 2744, 1977, pp. 149–151.
6.
Goda, Y., “The Observed Joint Distribution of Periods and Heights of Sea Waves,” presented at the 1978 ASCE 16th Conference of Coastal Engineering, Vol. I, pp. 227–246.
7.
Gunbak, A. R., and Bruun, P. M., “Wave Mechanics Principles on the Design of Rubble‐Mound Breakwaters,” Proceedings of Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions, POAC 79, Norwegian Institute of Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 1979, pp. 1301–1318.
8.
Kobayashi, N., Vivatrat, V., Madsen, O. S., and Boaz, I. B., “Erosion Prediction for Exploration and Production Structures in the Arctic,” Proceedings of the 13th Offshore Technology Conference, OTC Paper 4114, 1981, pp. 459–463.
9.
Leidersdorf, C. B., Potter, R. E., and Goff, R. D., “Slope Protection for Artificial Exploration Islands Off Prudhoe Bay,” Proceedings of the 13th Offshore Technology Conference, OTC Paper 4112, 1981, pp. 437–442.
10.
Longuet‐Higgins, M. S., “On the Joint Distribution of the Periods and Amplitudes of Sea Waves,” Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 80, No. 18, 1975, pp. 2688–2693.
11.
Saville, T., Jr., “An Approximation of the Wave Runup Frequency Distribution,” presented at the 1962 ASCE 8th Conference of Coastal Engineering, pp. 48–59.
12.
Shore Protection Manual, U.S. Army Coastal Engineering Research Center, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., Vol. 2, 1977.
13.
Stoa, P. N., “Wave Runup on Rough Slopes,” Technical Aid No. 79‐1, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Ft. Belvoir, Va., 1979.
14.
Stoa, P. N., “Reanalysis of Wave Runup on Structures and Beaches,” Technical Paper No. 78‐2, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Ft. Belvoir, Va., 1978.
15.
“Technical Seminar on Alaskan Beaufort Sea Gravel Island Design,” Exxon Company, U.S.A., Houston, Tex., 1979.
16.
Tsurata, S., and Goda, Y., “Expected Discharge of Irregular Wave Overtopping,” presented at the 1968 ASCE 11th Conference of Coastal Engineering, pp. 833–852.
17.
van Oorschot, J. H., and D'Angremond, K., “The Effect of Wave Energy Spectra on Wave Runup,” presented at the 1968 ASCE 11th Conference of Coastal Engineering, pp. 888–900.
18.
Weggel, J. R., “Wave Overtopping Equation,” presented at the 1976 ASCE 15th Conference of Coastal Engineering, Vol. III, pp. 2737–2775.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
Volume 109 • Issue 4 • November 1983
Pages: 429 - 444
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 ASCE.
History
Published online: Nov 1, 1983
Published in print: Nov 1983
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.