Urban Storm-Water Quality Management: Centralized versus Source Control
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 136, Issue 2
Abstract
The continuous growth of urban areas and the increasing public awareness of the environmental impacts of storm water have raised interest on the quality of the receiving water bodies. In the past two decades, many efforts have been directed at improving urban drainage systems by introducing mitigation measures to limit the negative environmental impacts of storm water. These mitigation measures are generally called best management practices (BMPs), sustainable urban drainage systems, or low impact developments, and they include practices such as infiltration and storage tanks that reduce the peak flow and retain some of the polluting materials. Choosing the best mitigation measure is still a controversial topic. To gain insight on the best technique, this study compares different distributed and centralized urban storm-water management techniques, including infiltration and storage facilities. The main objective of this study is to use modeling to assess the effects of the different urban drainage techniques. To this end, a homemade model that was developed in previous studies is applied. This model enables us to simulate both combined sewer systems and ancillary structures such as storm tanks or infiltration trenches to determine water quantity and quality characteristics. A long-term simulation is employed to account for the effects of sediments in BMPs, which generally reduce the hydraulic capacity. The results allow us to draw some conclusions on the peculiarities of BMP techniques, on the possibility of integrating different techniques for improving efficiency, and on BMP maintenance planning.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Ackers, J. C., Butler, D., and May, R. W. P. (1996). “Design of sewers to control sediment problems.” Rep. No. 141, Construction Industry Research and Information Association, London.
Alfakih, E., Barraud, S., Azzout, Y., and Chocat, B. (1995). “Urban stormwater—The analysis of the failure of the alternative techniques and the management of quality.” Water Sci. Technol., 32(1), 33–39.
Alley, W. M., and Smith, P. E. (1981). “Estimation of accumulation parameters for urban runoff quality modelling.” Water Resour. Res., 17(6), 1657–1664.
Aronica, G., and Cannarozzo, M. (2000). “Studying the hydrological response of urban catchments using a semi-distributed linear non-linear model.” J. Hydrol., 238(1–2), 35–43.
Artina, S., Bolognesi, A., Liserra, T., and Maglionico, M. (2007). “Simulation of a storm sewer network in industrial area: Comparison between models calibrated through experimental data.” J. Environmental Modeling and Software, 22(8), 1221–1228.
ASCE. (1998). “Urban runoff quality management.” ASCE Manual and Report on Engineering Practice N.87, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Ashley, R. M., Bertrand-Krajewski, J. L., Hvitved-Jacobsen, T., and Verbanck, M. (2006). “Solids in sewers: Characteristics, effects and control of sewer solids and associated pollutants.” Water Intelligence Online Report, IWA Publishing, London.
Bertrand-Krajewski, J. -L., Bardin, J. -P., and Gibello, C. (2006). “Long term monitoring of sewer sediment accumulation and flushing experiments in a man-entry sewer.” Water Sci. Technol., 54(6–7), 109–117.
Bledsoe, B. (2002). “Stream erosion potential and stormwater management strategies.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 128(6), 451.
Browne, D., Deletic, A., Mudd, G. M., and Fletcher, T. D. (2008). “A new saturated/unsaturated model for stormwater infiltration systems.” Hydrolog. Process., 22(25), 4838–4849.
Butler, D., and Davies, J. (2000). Urban drainage, E & FN Spon, New York.
Calabrò, P. S., and Viviani, G. (2006). “Simulation of the operation of detention tanks.” Water Res., 40(1), 83–90.
Chebbo, G., Musquere, P., Milisic, V., and Bachoc, A. (1990). “Solides transférés dans les réseaux d’assainissement.” Caractéristique hydrodynamiques et charges polluantes, Rapport IMF, Toulouse, France, 7.
Despotovic, J., Desbordes, M., and Vukmirovic, V. (1995). “Rainfall data analysis for alternative solutions of urban storm drainage systems.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Innovative Technologies in Urban Storm Drainage, Vol. 1, GRAIE, Lyon, France, 47–58.
Durchschlag, A. (1990). “Long-term simulation of pollutant loads in treatment plant effluents and combined sewer overflows.” Water Sci. Technol., 22(10–11), 69–76.
Emerson, C. H., Welty, C., and Traver, R. G. (2005). “Watershed-scale evaluation of a system of storm water detention basino.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 10(3), 237–242.
Freni, G., Maglionico, M., Mannina, G., and Viviani, G. (2008). “Comparison between a detailed and a simplified integrated model for the assessment of urban drainage environmental impact on an ephemeral river.” J. Urban Water, 5(2), 87–96.
Freni, G., Mannina, G., and Viviani, G. (2009). “Stormwater infiltration trenches: a conceptual modeling approach.” Water Sci. Technol., 60(1), 185–199.
Freni, G., Oliveri, E., and Viviani, G. (2004). “Infiltration facilities design: comparison between simplified approaches and detailed physically based modeling.” Proc., 5th Int. Conf. on Sustainable Techniques and Strategies in Urban Water Management—NOVATECH, GRAIE, Lyon, France, 1245–1252.
Freni, G., and Schilling, W. (2001). “Total pollution analysis and control: Urban stormwater management.” Integrated Urban Water Systems (IUWS)—COST 624 Optimal Management of Wastewater Systems, ⟨http://www.ensic.inpl-nancy.fr/COSTWWTP/⟩ (2009).
Green, W. H., and Ampt, G. A. (1911). “Studies on soil physics. I. The flow of air and water through soil.” J. Agric. Sci., 9(1), 1–24.
Harremoës, P., and Madsen, H. (1999). “Fiction and reality in the modeling world-balance between simplicity and complexity, calibration and identifiability, verification and falsification.” Water Sci. Technol., 39(9), 1–8.
Hatt, B. E., Deletic, A., and Fletcher, T. D. (2006). “Integrated treatment and recycling of stormwater: A review of Australian practice.” J. Environ. Manage., 79(1), 102–113.
Hatt, B. E., Fletcher, T. D., and Deletic, A. (2007). “Treatment performance of gravel filter media: Implications for design and application of stormwater infiltration systems.” Water Res., 41(12), 2513–2524.
Hatt, B. E., Fletcher, T. D., Walsh, C. J., and Taylor, S. L. (2004). “The influence of urban density and drainage infrastructure on the concentrations and loads of pollutants in small streams.” Environ. Manage. (N.Y.), 34(1), 112–124.
Huber, W. C. (1996). “BMP simulation using the U.S. EPA storm water management model (SWMM).” Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Urban Storm Drainage, IAHR/IAWQ, Hannover, Germany, 1629–1634.
Jewell, T. K., and Adrian, D. D. (1978). “SWMM storm water pollutant washoff function.” J. Environ. Eng. Div., 104(5), 1036–1040.
La Loggia, G., and Viviani, G. (1990). “Controllo, verifica e calibrazione di modelli di piena in un bacino urbano in Sicilia.” Proc., XXII Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, Università di Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy, 1234–1241 (in Italian).
Lau, K. T., Butler, D., and Schutze, M. (2002). “Is combined sewer overflow spill frequency/volume a good indicator of receiving water quality impact?” Urban Water, 4(2), 181–189.
Liguori, V. (2002). Le formazioni geologiche affioranti nella Fossa della Garofala, Regional Government of Sicily, Palermo, Italy (in Italian).
Mannina, G. (2005). “Integrated urban drainage modeling with uncertainty for stormwater pollution management.” Ph.D. thesis, Università di Catania, Italy.
Mannina G., Freni G., and Viviani G. (2004). “Modeling urban stormwater impact mitigation by using bmps and storage tanks.” Proc., European Geophysical Union—I General Assembly, Vol. 6, COSIS, Nizza, France.
Mannina, G., and Viviani, G. (2009a). “Separate and combined sewer systems: a long-term modeling approach.” Water Sci. Technol., 60(3), 555–565.
Mannina, G., and Viviani, G. (2009b). “An urban drainage stormwater quality model: Model development and uncertainty quantification.” J. Hydrol.
Marchi, E., and Rubatta, A. (1981). Meccanica dei fluidi: Principi e applicazioni (Fluid mechanics: Principles and applications), UTET, Milan, Italy.
Mays, L. W. (2001). Stormwater collection systems design handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York.
McDonald, M. G., and Harbaugh, A. W. (1983). “A modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model.” Techniques of water resources investigations, modeling techniques, EPA, Reston, Va.
Niemczynowicz, J. (1994). “New aspects of urban drainage and pollution reduction towards sustainability.” Water Sci. Technol., 30(5), 269–277.
Sansalone, J. J., and Buchberger, S. G. (1995). “An infiltration device as a best management practice for pollutants in urban highway runoff.” Water Sci. Technol., 32(4), 119–125.
Sieker, H., and Klein, M. (1998). “Best management practices for stormwater-runoff with alternative methods in a large urban catchment in Berlin, Germany.” Water Sci. Technol., 38(10), 91–97.
Siriwardene, N. R., Deletic, A., and Fletcher, T. D. (2007a). “Clogging of stormwater gravel infiltration systems and filters: Insights from a laboratory study.” Water Res., 41(7), 1433–1440.
Siriwardene, N. R., Deletic, A., and Fletcher, T. D. (2007b). “Preliminary studies of the development of a clogging prediction method for stormwater infiltration systems.” Water Practice and Technology, 2(2), 162–169.
Thoms, R. B., Johnson, R. L., and Healy, R. W. (2006). “User's guide to the Variably Saturated Flow (VSF) Process for MODFLOW.” U.S. Geological Survey techniques and methods 6-A18, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.
Tomicic, B., Clifforde, I. T., Mark, O., Yde, L., and Dudley, J. (1999). “Integrated catchment simulator (ICS)—Development and applications.” Proc., 3rd DHI Software Conf., ⟨www.dhi.dk/softcon/index.htm⟩.
Vaes, G., and Berlamont, J. (1999). “Emission predictions with a multi-linear reservoir model.” Water Sci. Technol., 39(2), 9–16.
Vaes, G. and Berlamont, J., and (2004). “Source control design using continuous long term modeling.” Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Urban Drainage Modeling (UDM’04), P. Krebs and L. Fucks, eds., Institute for Urban Water Management, Dresden, 599–608.
Winston, R. B. (1997). “MODFLOW help file.” HTML Documentation, ⟨http://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/mfgui4/modflow-gui.html⟩ (2009).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 136 • Issue 2 • March 2010
Pages: 268 - 278
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Apr 2, 2008
Accepted: Oct 5, 2009
Published online: Feb 12, 2010
Published in print: Mar 2010
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.