Impacts of Leaks on Energy Consumption in Pumped Systems with Storage
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 131, Issue 2
Abstract
A conceptual examination of the energy impact of leaks in systems with storage is undertaken. Consideration of how leakage is experienced at the pump is followed by an analysis of how different leakage levels alter energy costs for a rudimentary system with three topological configurations: two with a storage tank located at different points, and one without storage. Additionally, two friction regimes are subsumed in the analysis. EPANET 2 simulations are used to determine system pressures, storage tank levels, energy costs, power consumption, and leakage volumes for all scenarios at five levels of leakage. Leaks increase operating costs in terms of lost water and extra energy consumption for all systems, and when a price pattern is implemented, the financial cost of energy can sometimes be traded off with actual energy consumption. Storage in a system does not guarantee lower energy use relative to direct pumping, and in some cases it may promote higher leakage due to elevated system pressures. The results, though system specific, suggest that the importance of leaks in a system with storage depends on a number of factors, especially the relative locations of system components and the pumping strategy. Thoughtful consideration of the latter can be instrumental in achieving operation that balances financial and energy conservation objectives. To further test key relationships, a representative network is briefly considered. In all cases, the percentage increase in energy cost is greater than percentage leakage when the same pressure requirements are met.
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Acknowledgments
The writers wish to thank the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council, the Canadian Water Network and the Canadian Climate Change Action Fund for financial support in completing this project.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 131 • Issue 2 • March 2005
Pages: 146 - 155
Copyright
© 2005 ASCE.
History
Received: Jul 9, 2003
Accepted: May 27, 2004
Published online: Mar 1, 2005
Published in print: Mar 2005
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