TECHNICAL PAPERS
May 1, 1998

Urban Wet-Weather Flow Management: Research Directions

Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 124, Issue 3

Abstract

This article highlights the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's wet-weather flow management and pollution control research needs and anticipated research directions for the next five years. It outlines the Risk Management Research Plan for Wet Weather Flows (Field et al. 1996), a peer-reviewed plan developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that emphasizes the risk management aspects of urban wet-weather flow problems. The agency divided the research plan into five major areas, each discussing a specific wet weather flow question and the anticipated research approach to answering the question. Specific research projects for 1997 are cited.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Agnew, R. W., Hansen, C. A., Clak, M. J., Nelson, O. F., and Richardson, W. H. (1975). “Biological treatment of combined sewer overflow at Kenosha, Wisconsin.”Rep. EPA-670/2-75-019 (NTIS PB 242 126), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
2.
American Public Works Association. (1970a). “Combined sewer regulator overflow facilities.”Rep. 11022DMUO7/70 (NTIS PB 215 902), Fed. Water Quality Admin., Dept. of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
3.
American Public Works Association. (1970b). “Combined sewer regulation and management: A manual of practice.”Rep. 11022DMUO8/70 (NTIS PB 195 676), Fed. Water Quality Admin., Dept. of the Interior, Washington, D.C.
4.
American Public Works Association. (1992). Nationwide costs to Implement BMPs, Washington, D.C.
5.
Armstrong, L. J., Mangarella, P., and Corsale, J. (1996). “Watershed source identification and control for heavy metals.”Proc., Watershed '96, WEF Conf., Baltimore, Md.
6.
Aronson, G. L., Watson, D. S., and Pisano, W. C. (1983). “Evaluation of catchbasin performance for urban stormwater pollution control.”Rep. EPA-600/2-83-043 (NTIS PB 83-217 745), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
7.
Averill, D., Mack-Mumford, D., Marsalek, J., Andoh, R., and Weatherbe, D. (1996). “Field facility for research and demonstration of CSO treatment technologies.”Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Urban Storm Drainage, IAHR/IAWQ Joint Committee on Urban Storm Drainage, Hannover, Germany.
8.
Briat, P., and Delporte, C. (1996). “Treating wet weather flows from urban areas using Lamellar decantation.”Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Urban Storm Drainage, IAHR/IAWQ Joint Committee on Urban Storm Drainage, Hannover, Germany.
9.
Bureau of the Census. (1990). Census of Population and Housing, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, D.C.
10.
Burton, A., and Pitt, R. (1996). Manual for evaluating stormwater runoff effects in receiving waters. CRC Lewis Publishers, Anne Arbor, Mich.
11.
Byran, E. H. (1971). “Quality of stormwater drainage from urban land.” Presented at the 7th Amer. Water Resour. Conf., Washington, D.C.
12.
Cabelli, V. J., Dufour, A. P., McCabe, L. J., and Levin, M. A.(1983). “A marine recreational water quality criterion consistent with indicator concepts and risk analysis.”J. WPCF, 55, 1306–1314.
13.
Calderon, R. L., Mood, E. W., and Dufour, A. P.(1991). “Health effects of swimmers and nonpoint sources of contaminated water.”Int. J. of Envir. Health Res., 1, 21–31.
14.
Chan, E., Bursztynsky, T. A., Hantzsche, N., and Litwin, Y. J. (1982). “The use of wetlands for water pollution control.”Rep. EPA-600/2-82-06 (NTIS PB 83-107 466). U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
15.
Cotham, W., and Bidleman, T.(1995). “Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in air at an urban and a rural site near Lake Michigan.”Envir. Sci. and Technol., 29, 2782–2789.
16.
Cywin, A., and Rosenkranz, W. A. (1969). “Storm and combined sewer research and development.”Proc., ASCE Annual Envir. Mtg., ASCE, Reston, Va.
17.
Davies, P. H., Gettl, J. P., Jr., Sinley, and J. R., and Smith(1976). “Acute and chronic toxicity of lead to rainbow trout in hard and soft water.”Water Res., 10, 199–206.
18.
DeOreo, W. J., and Heaney, and Mayer(1996). “Flow trace analysis to assess water use.”JAWWA, 88(1), 79–90.
19.
Diniz, E. (1980). “Porous pavement: Phase I. Design and operational criteria.”Rep. EPA-600/2-80-135 (PB 81-104 796), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
20.
Dobbins, W. E. (1962). “Quantity and composition of storm sewage overflows.”Proc., ASCE Metropolitan Section San. Engrg. Div. Symp., ASCE, Reston, Va.
21.
Drehwing, F., Oliver, A. J., McArthur, D. A., and Moffa, P. E. (1979). “Disinfection treatment of combined sewer overflows.”Rep. EPA-600/2-79-134 (NTIS PB 80-113 459), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
22.
E. C. Jordan Co. (1984). “Combined Sewer Overflow Toxic Pollutant Study.”Rep. EPA-440/1-84/304 (NTIS PB 84-207687), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
23.
Ellis, J. B., and Revitt, D. M.(1982). “Incidence of heavy metals in street surface sediments: Solubility and grain size studies.”Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 17(1), 87.
24.
EPA. (1983). “Results of the nationwide urban runoff program.”Rep. NTIS PB 84-185552. U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
25.
EPA. (1986). “Bacteriological ambient water quality criteria.”Fed. Register 8012, March 7.
26.
EPA. (1989). “National combined sewer overflow control strategy.”Fed. Register 37370, Sept. 8.
27.
EPA. (1990). “National pollutant discharge elimination system permit application regulations for stormwater discharges.”Fed. Register 47990, Nov. 16.
28.
EPA. (1993). “A guidebook for comparing risks and setting environmental priorities.”Rep. EPA 230-BO-93-003, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency.
29.
EPA. (1994a). “National water quality inventory: 1992 report to Congress.”Rep. EPA 841-F-94-002 (NTIS PB 94-181377), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
30.
EPA. (1994b). “Combined sewer overflow (CSO) control policy.”Fed. Register 18688, April 19.
31.
EPA. (1994c). “Contaminated sediment management strategy.”Rep. EPA 823-R-94-001, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
32.
EPA. (1995a). “Stormwater discharges potentially addressed by phase II of the national pollutant discharge elimination system stormwater program: Report to Congress.”Rep. EPA 833-K-94-002, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
33.
EPA (1995b). “Final report: Sanitary sewer overflow workshop.” Sanitary Sewer Tech. Workshop, Municipal Technol. Branch, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
34.
EPA. (1995c). “Combined sewer overflows: Guidance for nine minimum controls.”Rep. EPA 832-B-95-003, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
35.
Field, R. (1973). “The dual-functioning swirl combined sewer overflow regulator/concentrator.”Rep. EPA 670/2-73-059 (NTIS PB227 182), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
36.
Field, R. (1990). “Storm and combined sewer overflow: An overview of EPA's research program.”Rep. EPA/600/8-89/054 (NTIS PB 90-187 006), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
37.
Field, R. (1990). “Chapter 4. Combined sewer overflows: Control and treatment.”Control and treatment of combined sewer overflows, P. E. Moffa, ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, N.Y. pp. 151–237.
38.
Field, R. (1996). “Chapter 4. Stormwater pollution abatement technologies.”Control and treatment of industrial and municipal stormwater, P. E. Moffa, ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, N.Y., pp. 119–189.
39.
Field, R., Borst, M., Stinson, M., Fan, C., Perdek, J., Sullivan, D., and O'Connor, T. (1997). “Risk management research plan for wet weather flows.”Rep., U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
40.
Field, R., and Fan, C. Y.(1981). “Industrial reuse of urban stormwater.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 107(1), 171.
41.
Field, R., and O'Connor, T. P.(1996). “Swirl technology: Enhancement of design, evaluation, and application.”J. Envir. Engrg., ASCE, 122(8), 741–763.
42.
Field, R., Olivieri, V. P., Davis, E. M., Smith, J. E., and Tifft, E. C. (1976). “Proceedings of Workshop on Microorganisms in Urban Stormwater.”Rep. EPA-600/2-76-244 (NTIS PB263 030), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
43.
Field, R., and Pitt, R. E.(1990). “Urban storm-induced discharge impacts: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency research program review.”Water Sci. Technol., 22(10/11), 1–7.
44.
Field, R., Pitt, R., Brown, M., and O'Connor, T. P.(1995). “Combined sewer overflow control using storage in seawater.”Water Resour., 29(6), 1505–1514.
45.
Field, R., and Struzeski, E. J.(1972). “Management and Control of Combined Sewer Overflows.”J. Water Pollution Control Federation, 22(7), 1393.
46.
Field, R., and Turkeltaub, R.(1981). “Urban runoff receiving water impacts: Program overview.”J. Envir. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 107(1), 83.
47.
Fisher, D. J.(1995). “The acute whole effluent toxicity of stormwater from an international airport.”Envir. Toxicol. and Chem., 14(6), 1103.
48.
Forndran, A., Field, R., Dunkers, K., and Moran, D.(1991). “Balancing flow for CSO abatement.”Water Envir. and Technology, 3(5), 54–58.
49.
Fram, S., Stenstrom, M. K., and Silverman, G.(1987). “Hydrocarbons in urban runoff.”J. Envir. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 113, 1032.
50.
Freedman, S. D.(1995). “Upgrade and expansion of Bath, Maine, wastewater treatment facilities allows for cost-effective treatment of dry- and wet-weather flows.”J. New England and Water Envir. Assn., 29(1), 110.
51.
Freeman, P. A. (1977). “Evaluation of fluidic combined sewer regulators under municipal service conditions.”Rep. EPA-600/2-77-071 (NTIS PB272 273), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
52.
Gameson, A. L. H., and Davidson, R. N. (1962). “Storm water investigations at Northampton.” Paper presented at the Inst. Sew. Purif. Annual Conf., Llandudno, England.
53.
Glover, G. E., and Herbert, G. R. (1973). “Micro-straining and Disinfection of Combined Sewer Overflows: Phase II.”Rep. EPA-R2-73-124 (NTIS PB 219 879), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
54.
Glover, G. E. (1973). “High-rate disinfection of combined sewer overflow.”Combined Sewer Overflow Seminar Papers, Rep. EPA-670/2-73-077, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
55.
Goforth, G. F., and Diniz, E. F. (1983). “Stormwater hydrological characteristics of porous and conventional paving systems.”Rep. EPA-600/2-83/106 (NTIS PB 84-123 728), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
56.
Greening, H. (1996). “Atmospheric deposition in Tampa Bay: The Tampa Bay national estuary program.” Tampa, Fa.
57.
Gupta, M. K., Mason, D. G., Clark, M. J., Meinholz, T. L., Hansen, C. A., and Geinopolos, A. (1977). “Screening/flotation treatment of combined sewer overflows: Volume I. Bench scale and pilot plant investigations.”Rep. EPA-600/2-77-069a (NTIS PB 272 834). U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
58.
Hayes, Seay, Mattern & Mattern Architects and Engineers (1970). “Engineering investigation of sewer overflow problems, Roanoke, Virginia.”Rep. 11024 DMS 05/70 (NTIS PB 195 201), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
59.
Heaney, J. P., Huber, W. C., and Lehman, M. E. (1980). “Nationwide assessment of receiving water impacts from urban stormwater pollution: Volume I.”Rep. EPA-600/2-81-025 (NTIS PB 81-161 812), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
60.
Herricks, E. E. (1995). Stormwater runoff and receiving systems: Impact, monitoring and assessment. Lewis Publishers.
61.
Hickock, E. A., Hannaman, M. C., and Wenck, N. C. (1977). “Urban runoff treatment methods: Volume I. Non-structural wetland treatment.”Rep. EPA-600/2-77-217 (NTIS PB 278 172), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
62.
Hilts, P. (1996). “Fine particles in air cause many deaths, study suggests.”The New York Times, May 9.
63.
Hoffman, E. J., Mills, G. L., Latimer, J. S., and Quinn, J. G.(1984). “Urban runoff as a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to coastal waters.”Envir. Sci. and Technol., 18, 580.
64.
Homack, P., Zippler, K. L., and Herkert, E. C. (1973). “Utilization of trickling filters for dual treatment of dry and wet weather flows.”Rep. EPA-670/2-73-071 (NTIS PB 231 251), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
65.
Innerfeld, H., Fordran, A., Ruggiero, D. D., and Hartman, T. J. (1979). “Dual process high-rate filtration of raw sanitary sewage and combined sewer overflows.”Rep. EPA-600/2-79-015 (NTIS PB 296 626/AS), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
66.
Ionics, Inc. (1972). “Hypochlorite generator for treatment of combined sewer overflows.”Rep. 11023DAA03/72 (NTIS PB 211 243), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
67.
Jacquet, G. (1996). “CALAMAR Radar-Based Rainfall Monitoring System.” Presentation to U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Edison, N.J.
68.
Kaufman, H. L., and Lai, F. H. (1978). “Conventional and advanced sewer design for dual purpose flood and pollution control: A preliminary case study, Elizabeth, New Jersey.”Rep. EPA-600/2-78-090 (NTIS PB 285 663), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
69.
Keefer, T. N., Simons, R. K., and McQuivey, R. S. (1979). “Dissolved oxygen impact from urban storm runoff.”Rep. EPA-600/2-79-150 (NTIS PB 80-138 266), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
70.
Kendall, C., Sklash, M. G., and Bullen, T. D. (1995). “Isotope Tracers of Water and Solute in Catchments.”Solute modeling in catchment systems, S. T. Trudgill, ed., 261–303.
71.
Lager, J. A., Smith, W. G., Lynard, W. G., Finn, R. M., and Finnemore, E. J. (1977). “Stormwater management and technology: Update and user's guide.”Rep. EPA-600/8-77-014 (NTIS PB 278 776), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
72.
Lager, J. A., Smith, W. G., and Tchobanoglous, G. (1977). “Catchbasin Technology Overview and Assessment.”Rep. EPA-600/2-77-051 (NTIS PB 270 092), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
73.
Legret, M., Colandini, V., and LeMarc, C.(1996). “Effects of a porous pavement with reservoir structure on the quality of runoff water and soil.”Sci. of the Total Envir., 102, 335.
74.
Leiser, C. P. (1974). “Computer management of a combined sewer system.”Rep. EPA-670/2-74-022 (NTIS PB 235 717), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
75.
Lynard, W. G., Finnemore, E. J., Loop, J. A., and Finn, R. M. (1980). “Urban stormwater management and technology: Case histories.”Rep. EPA-600/8-80-035 (PB81-107 153), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
76.
Maher, M. B. (1974). “Microstraining and disinfection of combined sewer overflows: Phase III.”Rep. EPA-670/2-74-049 (NTIS PB 235 771), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
77.
Maltby, L.(1995). “The effects of motorway runoff on freshwater ecosystems: 1. Field study.”Envir. Toxicol. and Chem., 14(6), 1079.
78.
Matthews, T. M., Pitts, P. D., and Larlham, R. C. (1983). “Hydro brake stormwater detention system demonstration in Cleveland, Ohio: Dual combined sewer overflow pollution control and basement flooding relief.”Rep. EPA-600/2-83/097 (NTIS PB 84-110 378), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
79.
Meinholz, T. L., Gruber, D. A., Race, R. A., Hansen, C. A., Moser, J. H., and Clark, M. J. (1979). “Screening/flotation treatment of combined sewer overflows: Volume II. Full scale operation, Racine, Wisconsin.”Rep. EPA-600/2-79-106a (NTIS PB 80-130 693), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
80.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. (1971). “Storm water problems and control in sanitary sewers, Oakland and Berkeley, California.”Rep. 11024 EQG 03/71 (NTIS PB 208 815), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
81.
Moffa, P. E., Tifft, E. C., Richardson, S. L., and Smith, J. E. (1975). “Bench-scale high-rate disinfection of combined sewer overflows with chlorine and chlorine dioxide.”Rep. EPA-670/2-75-021 (NTIS PB 242 296), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
82.
Montgomery Environmental Coalition v. Costle, 646 F. 2d 568 (D.C. Cir. 1980).
83.
Morris, G. M., and Clifforde, I. T. (1996). “Implementation of the U.K. urban pollution management research programme.”Proc., Quebec City Conf., WEF, Alexandria, Va., Vol. 9, 23–32.
84.
Mueller, D. K., Hamilton, P. A., Helsel, D. R., Hitt, K. J., and Ruddy, B. C. (1995). “Nutrients in ground water and surface water of the United States: An analysis of data through 1992.”Water-Resources Investigations Rep. 95-4031. U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colo.
85.
Mueller, J. A., and Di Toro, D. M. (1983). “Combined sewer overlow characteristics from treatment plant data.”Rep. EPA-600/2-83/049 (NTIS PB 83-224 543), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
86.
Murphy, C. B., MacArthur, D. A., Carleo, D. J., Quinn, T. J., and Stewart, J. E. (1981). “Best management practices implementation Rochester, New York.”Rep. EPA-905/9-81-002 (PB 82-169 210), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
87.
National Research Council. (1992). Restoration of aquatic ecosystems: Science, technology, and public policy. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
88.
National Research Council. (1993). Managing wastewater in coastal Urban Areas. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
89.
Nebolsine, R., Harvey, P. J., and Fan, C. (1972). “High-rate filtration of combined sewer overflows.”Rep. 11023EYI04/72 (NTIS PB 211 282), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
90.
Newberry, G. P., and Yonge, D. R. (1996). “The retardation of heavy metals in stormwater runoff by highway grass strips.”Final Rep. No. WA-RD 404.1 (NTIS PB 96-192133). Fed. Hwy. Admin., Washington, D.C.
91.
O'Brien and Gere, Inc. (1969). “Onondaga Lake Study, Onondaga County, New York.”Rep. 11060 FAE 04/71.
92.
O'Shea, M. L., and Field, R.(1992). “Detection and disinfection of pathogens in storm-generated flows.”Can. J. Microbiol., 38(4), 267.
93.
Parker, J. A., and Darby, J. L.(1995). “Particle-associated coliform in secondary effluents: Shielding from ultraviolet light disinfection.”Water Envir. Res., 67, 1065–1075.
94.
Pitt, R., and Bozeman, M. (1982). “Sources of urban runoff pollution and its effects on an urban creek.”Rep. EPA-600/S2-82-090 (NTIS PB 83-111 021), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
95.
Pitt, R., and Bissonette, P. (1984). “Bellevue urban runoff program: Summary report.”PB84 237213, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Water Planning Division, and Storm and Surface Water Utility, Bellevue, Wash.
96.
Pitt, R., Clark, S., and Parmer, K. (1994). “Potential groundwater contamination from intentional and nonintentional stormwater infiltration.”Rep. EPA/600/SR-94/051 (NTIS 94-165343 354). U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
97.
Pitt, R., Field, R., Lalor, M., and Brown, M.(1995). “Urban stormwater toxic pollutants: Assessment, sources, and treatability.”Water Envir. Res., 67(3), 260.
98.
Pitt, R., Clark, S., Parmer, K., and Field, R. (1996). Groundwater contamination from stormwater infiltration. Anne Arbor Press Inc., Chelsea, Mich.
99.
Pitt, R. (1979). “Demonstration of nonpoint pollution abatement through improved street cleaning practices.”Rep. EPA-600/2-79-161 (NTIS PB 80-108 988), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
100.
Pitt, R. (1985). “Characterizing and controlling urban runoff through street and sewerage cleaning.”Rep. EPA-600/2-85/038 (NTIS PB 85-186 500), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
101.
Pitt, R. (1995). “Water quality trends from stormwater controls.”Proc., Stormwater NPDES Related Monitoring Needs Engrg. Foundation Conf., Grande Butte, Colo., 413.
102.
Pontius, U. R., Pavia, E. H., and Crowder, D. G. (1973). “Hypochlorination of polluted stormwater pumpage at New Orleans.”Rep. EPA-670/2-73-067 (NTIS PB 228 581), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Washington, D.C.
103.
Pujol, R., Lemmel, H., Gousailles, M., and Vendry, B. (1996). “Nitrification capacities with an upflow biofiltration reactor.”Proc., 3rd Int. IAWQ Special Conf. on Biofilm Sys., Copenhagen, Denmark.
104.
Ratza, C., and McIntyre, P. (1996). “Atmospheric deposition in the Great Lakes basin: Great Lakes integrated atmospheric deposition network (IADN) data report.” U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Great Lakes Nat. Program Office.
105.
Roeber, J. A., and Hoot, F. M. (1975). “Ultraviolet disinfection of activated sludge effluent discharging to shellfish waters.”Rep. EPA-600/2-75-060, U.S. Envir. Protection Agency.
106.
Rolfe, G. L., and Reinbold, K. A. (1977). “Environmental contamination by lead and other heavy metals: Vol. I. Introduction and summary.” Inst. for Envir. Studies, Urban-Champaign, Ill.
107.
Rubino, V. (1996). “Caught in the crossfire: Wastewater plant retrofit.”Pollution Engrg., 73.
108.
Sansalone, J. J., et al. (1995). “Correlations between heavy metals and suspended solids in highway runoff: Implications for control strategies.”Transp. Res. Rec. 1483, 112.
109.
Schilling, W. (1996). “Potential and limitations of real time control.”Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Urban Storm Drainage, IAHR/IAWQ Joint Committee on Urban Storm Drainage, Hannover, Germany, 827.
110.
Shelly, G. J., Stone, P. B., and Cullen, A. J. (1981). “Field evaluation of a swirl degritter et Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia.”Rep. EPA-600/2-81-063 (NTIS PB 81-187 247). U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
111.
Sidle, W. C. (1995). “Diagnosis of ground water–surface water interactions and their impact on drinking water supplies from the analysis of oxygen-18, deuterium, and tritium isotopic processes.” Internal Rep., U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
112.
Sonnen, M. (1977). “Abatement of deposition and scour in sewers.”Rep. EPA-600/2-77-212 (NTIS PB 276 585), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
113.
Unnikrishma, P. V., McDonnell, J. J., and Stewart, M. K. (1995). “Soil water isotopic residence time modeling.”Solute modeling in catchment systems, S. T. Trudgill, ed., 237–260.
114.
Wass, R. D., and Fox, P.(1995). “Constructed wetland enhances stormwater quality in Arizona.”Ind. Wastewater, 3(2), 43.
115.
Watt, T. R., Skrentner, R. G., and Davanzo, A. C. (1975). “Sewerage system monitoring and remote control.”Rep. EPA-670/2-75-020 (NTIS PB 242 107), U.S. Envir. Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio.
116.
Wilber, W. G., and Hunter, J. V. (1980). “The influence of urbanization on the transport of heavy metals in New Jersey streams.” Water Resour. Res. Inst., Rutgers Univ., New Brunswick, N.J.
117.
Wilde, F. D. (1994). “Geochemistry and factors affecting ground-water quality at three storm-water-management sites in Maryland.”Rep. of Investigations No. 59, Dept. of Nat. Resour., Maryland Geological Survey.
118.
Xanthopoulos, C., and Augustin, A.(1992). “Input and characterization of sediments in urban sewer systems.”Water Sci. and Technol., 25(8), 21.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 124Issue 3May 1998
Pages: 168 - 180

History

Published online: May 1, 1998
Published in print: May 1998

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Richard Field, Member, ASCE,
Leader, Wet-Weather Flow Res. Program, Urban Watershed Mgmt. Branch (UWMB), Nat. Risk Mgmt. Res. Lab.-Cincinnati (NRMRL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Edison, NJ 08837-3679.
Michael Borst
Chem. Engr., Wet-Weather Flow Res. Program, UWMB, NRMRL, EPA, Edison, NJ.
Thomas P. O'Connor
Envir. Engr., Wet-Weather Flow Res. Program, UWMB, NRMRL, EPA, Edison, NJ.
Mary K. Stinson
Chem. Engr., Wet-Weather Flow Res. Program, UWMB, NRMRL, EPA, Edison, NJ.
Chi-Yuan Fan
Envir. Engr., Wet-Weather Flow Res. Program, UWMB, NRMRL, EPA, Edison, NJ.
Joyce M. Perdek
Chem. Engr., Wet-Weather Flow Res. Program, UWMB, NRMRL, EPA, Edison, NJ.
Daniel Sullivan
Chf., UWMB, NRMRL, EPA, Edison, NJ.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share