Water-Price Effect on Residential and Apartment Low-Flow Fixtures
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 122, Issue 1
Abstract
The relationship between water price and the installation of low-flow faucets, low-flow toilets, low-flow showerheads, and drip irrigation of plantings was analyzed for apartments and individual households in Tucson, Ariz. The difference between individually metered household motivations and apartment-owner motivations to install these devices is discussed. Logit regression analysis of household data found water price to be a significant factor at the 0.05 confidence level in the installation of low-flow faucets, low-flow toilets, and drip irrigation for plantings. Other household variables examined included moral obligation to save water, household size, and family income. For households, moral obligation to save water significantly motivated the installation of low-flow toilets, showerheads, and faucets. Analysis of apartment data found water price to be a significant factor at the 0.05 confidence level in the installation of low-flow showerheads and low-flow faucets. Other apartment variables included the average assessed value per bedroom and the number of apartments in the complex. Larger size apartment complexes were found significantly associated with low-flow showerheads, low-flow faucets, and drip irrigation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
Billings, R. B.(1982). “Specification of block rate price variables in demand models.”Land Economics, 58(2), 386–394.
2.
Ferguson, B. K.(1987). “Water conservation methods in urban landscape irrigation: an exploratory overview.”Water Resour. Bull., 23(1), 147–152.
3.
Foster, H. S., and Beattie, B. R.(1979). “Urban residential demand for water in the United States.”Land Economics, 55(1), 48–53.
4.
Howe, C. W., and Linaweaver, F. P. Jr.(1967). “The impact of residential water demand and its relation to system design and price structure.”Water Resour. Res., 3(1), 13–32.
5.
Maddala, G. S. (1992). Introduction to Econometrics, 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, N.Y., 356–397, 322–339.
6.
Maddaus, W. B.(1987). “The effectiveness of residential water conservation measures.”J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 79(3), 52–58.
7.
Morgan, W. D., and Pelosi, P.(1980). “The effects of water conservation kits on water use.”J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 72(3), 131–133.
8.
SPSS-X users guide, 3rd Ed. (1988). SPSS, Inc., Chicago, Ill.
9.
Witcomb, J. B.(1990). “Water use reductions from retrofitting indoor water fixtures.”Water Resour. Bull., 26(6), 921–926.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jan 1, 1996
Published in print: Jan 1996
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.