Urban Watershed Modeling Using Geographic Information System
Publication: Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management
Volume 121, Issue 4
Abstract
A geographic information system (GIS) was constructed for an urban watershed in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and used to direct a hydrologic modeling effort for water-shed management. All pertinent features were geocoded into the GIS and related attributes were stored in tables containing data relevant to hydrologic modeling. Watershed surfaces were represented by a triangular irregular network. The GIS identified hydrologic response units (HRUs), and the locational information (coordinates) of the HRU boundaries were used in conjunction with the coordinates of the nodes of the storm drain system to guide and direct the model. The locational data were also used to determine dimensions of the HRU as well as all flow lengths (both overland and storm drain). The curve number method was used to determine rainfall excess, and the discharge was routed using a standard kinematic wave model. System capabilities are demonstrated at the lot, polygon, block, and multiblock scales.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
1.
ARC/INFO user's guide: ARC/INFO data model, concepts, & key terms. (1991). Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., Redlands, Calif.
2.
Band, L. E.(1986). “Topographic partition of watershed with digital elevation models.”Water Resour. Res., 22(1), 15–24.
3.
Band, L. E.(1989). “A terrain-based watershed information system.”Hydrological Process, 3(2), 151–162.
4.
Bedient, P. B., and Huber, W. C. (1992). Hydrology and floodplain analysis . Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, New York, N.Y.
5.
Cline, T. J., Molinas, A., and Julien, P. Y.(1989). “An Auto-CAD-Based Watershed Information System for the Hydrologic Model HEC-1.”Water Resour. Bull., 25(3), 641–652.
6.
Cuevas, B., and Palacios, O.(1989). “SHIFT: a distributed runoff model using irregular triangular facets (abstract).”Eos Trans., American Geophysical Union, 70(43), 1094.
7.
Djokic, D., and Maidment, D. R.(1991). “Terrain analysis for stormwater modeling.”Hydrological Processes, 5(1), 115–124.
8.
Fok, Y. S., and Chiang, S. H.(1984). “2-D infiltration equations for furrow irrigation.”J. Irrig. and Drain. Engrg., 110(2), 208–217.
9.
Goodrich, D. G., Woolhiser, D. A., and Keeper, T. O.(1991). “Kinematic routing using finite elements on triangular irregular network.”Water Resour. Res., 27(6), 995–1003.
10.
Grayman, W. G., Males, R. M., and Harris, J. J. (1982). “Use of integrated spatial data and modeling capabilities for urban runoff analyses.”Proc., Int. Symp. on Urban Hydro., Hydr., and Sediment Control, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky., 249–256.
11.
HEC-1 flood hydrograph package: user's manual, Version: 4.0. (1990). United States Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, Calif.
12.
Johnson, L. E.(1989). “MAPHYD—a digital map-based hydrologic modeling system.”Photogrammatic Engrg. and Remote Sensing, 55(6), 911–917.
13.
Loucks, D. P., Taylor, M. R., and French, P. N.(1985). “Interactive data management for resource planning and analysis.”Water Resour. Res., 21(2), 131–142.
14.
Maidment, D. R., Djokic, D., and Lawrence, K. G.(1989). “Hydrologic modelling on a triangulated irregular network (abstract).”Eos Trans., American Geophysical Union, 70(43), 1091.
15.
Moeller, R. A. (1991). “Application of a geographic information system to hydrologic modeling using HEC-1.”Civil engineering applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems. D. B. Stafford, ed., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 269–277.
16.
Moore, I. D., and Grayson, R. B.(1991). “Terrain-based catchment partitioning and runoff prediction using vector elevation data.”Water Resour. Res., 27(6), 1177–1191.
17.
Moore, I. D., Grayson, R. B., and Ladson, A. R.(1991). “Digital terrain modelling: a review of hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications.”Hydrol. Processes, 5(11), 3–30.
18.
Muzik, I., and Pomeroy, S. J.(1990). “A geographic information system for prediction of design flood hydrographs.”Can. J. Civ. Engrg., 17(6), 965–973.
19.
Ragan, R. M., and Fellows, J. D. (1980). “A data base system for real time hydrologic modeling.”Civil engineering applications of remote sensing, R. W. Kiefer, ed., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 33–43.
20.
Ragan, R. M., and Kosicki, A. J. (1991). “A geographic information system to support state-wide hydrologic modeling with the SCS-TR-20.”Civil engineering applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems, D. B. Stafford, ed., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 250–258.
21.
Sasowsky, K. C., and Gardner, T. W.(1991). “Watershed configuration and geographic information system parameterization for SPUR model hydrologic simulations.”Water Resour. Bull., 27(1), 7–18.
22.
Schoolmaster, F. A., and Marr, P. G.(1992). “Geographic information systems as a tool in water use data management.”Water Resour. Bull., 28(2), 331–336.
23.
See, R. B., Naftz, D. L., and Qualls, C. L.(1992). “GIS-assisted regression analyses to identify sources of selenium in streams.”Water Resour. Bull., 28(2), 315–330.
24.
Shih, S. F., and Jordan, J. D.(1992). “Landsat mid-infrared data and GIS in regional surface soil moisture assessment.”Water Resour. Bull., 28(4), 713–719.
25.
Sicar, J. K., Ragan, R. M., Engman, E. T., and Fink, R. A. (1991). “A GIS based geomorphic approach for the computation of time-area curves.”Civil Engineering Applications of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems, D. B. Stafford, ed., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 287–296.
26.
Silfer, A. T., Kinn, G. J., and Hassett, J. M. (1987). “A geographic information system utilizing the triangulated irregular network as a basis for hydrologic modeling.”Auto Carto 8, Proc., 8th Int. Symp. on Comp. Assisted Cartography, N. R. Chrisman, ed., American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing/American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, Falls Church, Va., 129–136.
27.
Smith, M. B., and Brilly, M.(1992). “Automated grid element ordering for GIS-based overland flow modeling.”Photogrammetric Engrg. and Remote Sensing, 58(5), 579–585.
28.
Stuebe, M. M., and Johnston, D. M.(1990). “Runoff volume estimation using GIS techniques.”Water Resour. Bull., 26(4), 611–620.
29.
Thomsen, A. G., and Striffler, W. D. (1980). A watershed information system, Colorado Water Resour. Res. Inst., Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colo.
30.
“Urban hydrology for small watersheds.” (1986). Tech. Release 55 (TR-55), Soil Conservation Service, Engineering Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.
31.
VanBlargan, E. J., Ragan, R. M., and Schaake, J. C. (1990). “A hydrologic geographic information system.”Transp. Res. Record No. 1261, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 44–51.
32.
VanBlargan, E. J., Ragan, R. M., and Schaake, J. C. (1991). “Automation estimation of hydrologic parameters.”Civil engineering applications of remote sensing and geographic information systems, D. B. Stafford, ed., ASCE, New York, N.Y., 278–286.
33.
Vieux, B. E. (1988). “Finite element analysis of hydrologic response areas using geographic information systems,” PhD thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich.
34.
Williams, J. R., and LaSeur, W. V.(1976). “Water yield model using SCS CURVE NUMBERS.”J. Hydr. Div., ASCE, 102(9), 1241–1253.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
Copyright © 1995 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Published online: Jul 1, 1995
Published in print: Jul 1995
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.