Right Turns on Green and Pedestrian Level of Service: Statistical Assessment
Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 4
Abstract
Traditional pedestrian level of service measures at signalized intersections are based on pedestrian space and pedestrian delay. However, these measures may not adequately reflect the negative impact of right-turning traffic on pedestrians. This paper presents a statistical analysis using a binary logit model that provides new insights into the factors that affect the likelihood that a pedestrian is compromised (delayed, altered their travel path, or altered their travel speed) in response to traffic turning right (on green) during concurrent vehicle/pedestrian signal timing. The statistical analysis indicates that a number of factors affect the likelihood of a pedestrian being compromised including pedestrian direction of travel, right-turn traffic volume, number of pedestrians crossing, whether the pedestrian arrived late and began crossing after the end of the walk interval, and the crosswalk characteristics including location (downtown versus suburban) and one-way/two-way streets.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Akin, D., and Sisiopiku, V. (2007). “Modeling interactions between pedestrians and turning-vehicles at signalized crosswalks operating under combined pedestrian-vehicle interval.” Proc., Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., Paper No. 07-2710.
Baxter, J. (2004). “Building safe roads.” Public Roads, 67(6), 23–27.
Dixon, L. (1996). “Bicycle and pedestrian level of service performance measures and standards for congestion management systems.” Transportation Research Record. 1538, Transporation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 1–9.
Federal Highway Administration (FHwA). (1994). “The national bicycling and walking study.” Final Rep., Transportation choices for a changing America, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Federal Highway Administration (FHwA). (2003). Manual on uniform traffic control devices, U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Washington, D.C.
Harkey, D., and Zegeer, C. (2004). “PEDSAFE: Pedestrian safety guide and countermeasure selection system.” Publication No. FHwA-SA-04-003, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C.
Hubbard, S. M. L., Awwad, R., and Bullock, D. M. (2007). “A new perspective on assessing impact of turning vehicles on pedestrian level of service at signalized intersections.” Transportation Research Record. 2027, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 27–36.
Khisty, C. (1994). “Evaluation of pedestrian facilities: Beyond the level-of-service concept.” Transportation Research Record. 1438, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 45–50.
McFadden, D. (1981). “Econometric models of probabilistic choice.” A structural analysis of discrete data with econometric applications, C. F. Manski and D. L. McFadden, eds., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Milazzo, J., II, Rouphail, N., Hummer, J., and Allen, D. (1998). “Effect of pedestrians on capacity of signalized intersections.” Transportation Research Record. 1646, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 37–46.
Milton, J., Shankar, V., and Mannering, F. (2008). “Highway accident severities and the mixed logit model: An exploratory empirical analysis.” Accid. Anal Prev., 40(1), 260–266.
Petritsch, T., et al. (2006). “Level-of-service model for urban arterial facilities with sidewalks.” Transportation Research Record. 1982, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 84–89.
Petritsch, T., Landis, B., McLeod, P., Huang, H., Challa, S., and Guttenplan, M. (2005). “Level-of-service model for pedestrians at signalized intersections.” Transportation Research Record. 1939, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 55–62.
Preusser, D. F., Wells, J. K., Williams, A. F., and Weinstein, H. B. (2002). “Pedestrian crashes in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore.” Accid. Anal Prev., 34, 703–710.
Quaye, K., Leden, L., and Hauer, E. (1993). “Pedestrian accidents and left turning traffic at signalized intersections.” AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washington, D.C.
Retting, R. A., Ulmer, R. G., and Williams, A. F. (1999). “Prevalence and characteristics of red light running crashes in the United States.” Accid. Anal Prev., 31, 687–694.
Sarkar, S. (1993). “Determination of service levels for pedestrians, with European examples.” Transportation Research Record. 1405, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 35–42.
Steinman, N., and Hines, D. (2004). “Methodology to assess design features for pedestrian and bicyclist crossings at signalized intersections.” Transportation Research Record. 1878, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 42–50.
Transportation Research Board (TRB). (2000). Highway capacity manual 2000, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Transportation Research Board (TRB). (2008). “NCHRP 03-70 multimodal level of service analysis for urban streets.” ⟨http://www.trb.org/TRBNet/ProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=824⟩ (Feb. 12, 2008).
Van Houten, R., Retting, R., Farmer, C., and Van Houten, J. (2000). “Field evaluation of a leading pedestrian interval signal phase at three urban intersections.” Transportation Research Record. 1734, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 86–92.
Washington, S., Karlaftis, M., and Mannering, F. (2003). Statistical and econometric methods for transportation data analysis, Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, Fla.
Winston, C., Maheshri, V., and Mannering, F. (2006). “An exploration of the offset hypothesis using disaggregate data: The case of airbags and antilock brakes.” J. Risk and Uncertainty, 32(2), 83–99.
Zeeger, C., and Stutts, J. (2004). “A guide for reducing collisions involving pedestrians.” National Cooperative Highway Research Program Rep. 500, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Zhang, L., and Prevedouros, P. (2003). “Signalized intersection level of service incorporating safety risk.” Transportation Research Record. 1852, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 77–86.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 135 • Issue 4 • April 2009
Pages: 153 - 159
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Feb 13, 2008
Accepted: Jun 5, 2008
Published online: Apr 1, 2009
Published in print: Apr 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.