TECHNICAL PAPERS
Mar 1, 1998

Influence of Compactive Efforts and Compaction Delays on Lime-Treated Soil

Publication: Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 124, Issue 2

Abstract

The results of a laboratory study on the influence of standard Proctor and West African standard compactive efforts as well as compaction delays up to 3 h on the compaction and strength characteristics of lateritic soil treated with a maximum of 8% lime (by dry weight of soil) is presented. The results obtained show that the compaction and strength properties of the lime-treated soil decreased with increases in compaction delays. The decreases that were generally greater at higher lime contents were more prominent in specimens compacted at the energy of the West African standard. The determination of properties of lime-treated soil at no compaction delay defines optimum properties of the soil-lime mixtures, while compaction and strength properties determined following compaction delays define the minimum that can be achieved in the field for the specified elapsed times between mixing and compaction.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Akintola, F. A. (1982). “Geology and geomorphology.”Nigeria in Maps, K. M. Barbour, ed., Hodder and Stoughton, London.
2.
Annual book of ASTM standards. (1992). Vol. 04.08, ASTM, Philadelphia.
3.
Areola, O. (1982). “Soils.”Nigeria in Maps, K. M. Barbour, ed., Hodder and Stoughton, London.
4.
Balasubramaniam, A. S., Bergado, D. T., Buensucoso, B. R., and Jr., and Yang(1989). “Strength and deformation characteristics of lime treated soft clays.”J. Geotech. Engrg., ASCE, 20, 49–65.
5.
Barden, L., and Sides, G. (1969). “The influence of structure as the collapse of compacted clay.”2nd Conf. on Collapsing Expansive Soil, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, Tex.
6.
Brandl, H.(1980). “New approach to predict lime reactivity of soils.”J. Geotech. Div., ASCE, 107(6), 731–733.
7.
Cabrera, J. G., and Nwakanma, C. A. (1979). “Pozzolanic activity and mechanism of red tropical soil-lime system.”2nd Inter. Conf. on Low-Volume Roads, Transp. Res. Board (TRB), Iowa.
8.
Clare, K. E., and Cruchley, A. E.(1957). “Laboratory experiments on the stabilization of clays with hydrated lime.”Geotechnique, 7, 97–100.
9.
D'Hoore, J. L. (1954). “Studies on accumulation of sesquioxides in tropical soils.” Nat. Inst. for Agronomy, Scientific Series, 62, Belgium Congo, 1–132.
10.
Eades, J. L., and Grim, R. E.(1960). “Reactions of hydrated lime with pure clay minerals in lime stabilization.”Highway Res. Bull., Washington, D.C., 262, 51–63.
11.
Eades, J. L., Nichols, F. P. Jr., and Grim, R. E.(1962). “Formation of new minerals with lime stabilization as proven by field experiments in Virginia.”Highway Res. Bull., Washington, D.C., 335, 31–39.
12.
Gidigasu, M. D. (1982). “Importance of material selection, construction control and field performance studies in developing acceptance specification for lateritic paving gravels.”Solos e Rochas, 5(1), Rio de Janeiro.
13.
Gidigasu, M. D., and Dogbey, J. L. K. (1980). “Geotechnical characterization of laterized decomposed rocks for pavement construction in dry sub-humid environment.”6th Southeast Asian conf. on soil engineering, 1, 493–506, Taipei.
14.
Glenn, G. R.(1967). “X-ray studies of lime bentonite reaction products.”J. Am. Ceramic Soc., 50, 312–316.
15.
Heller, L., and Taylor, H. G. W. (1956). “Crystallographic data for calcium silicates.” Dept. of Sci. and Ind. Res., Build. Res. Station, H. M. Stationery Office, London.
16.
Ingles, O. G. (1964). “The nature and strength of the interparticle bonds in natural and stabilized soils.”Mechanism of soil stabilization, D-9, Proc. of a Colloquium held at Syndal Victoria, Australia.
17.
Ingles, O. G., and Metcalf, J. B. (1972). “Soil stabilization—principles and practice.” Butterworth's Sydney.
18.
Ladd, C. C., Moh, Z. C., and Lambe, T. W. (1960). “Recent soil-lime research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.”39th Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board.
19.
Leonards, G. A. (1962). Foundation engineering. McGraw-Hill, Inc., London.
20.
Locat, Y., Berube, M. A., and Choquette, M.(1990). “Laboratory investigations on the lime stabilization of sensitive clays; shear strength development.”Can. Geotech. J., 27, 294–304.
21.
Madu, R. M.(1975). “Some Nigerian residual soils—their characteristics and relative road building properties on a group basis.”Proc., 6th Reg. Conf. for Africa on Soil Mech. & Found. Engrg., Durban, 1, 121–129.
22.
Madu, R. M.(1977). “An investigation into the geotechnical and engineering properties of some laterites in Eastern Nigeria.”Engrg. Geology, 11, 101–125.
23.
Marks, B. D., and Haliburton, T. A. (1970). “Effects of sodium chloride and sodium chloride-lime admixtures on cohesive Oklahoma soils.”49th Annual Meeting of the Highway Research Board.
24.
Mateous, M.(1964). “Soil-lime research at Iowa State University.”J. Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg. Div., ASCE, 90(2), 127–153.
25.
“Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes.” (1990a). British Standards Inst., BS 1377, London.
26.
“Methods of test for stabilized soils.” (1990b). British Standard Inst., BS 1924, London.
27.
Midgley, H. G.(1957). “Compilation of X-ray powder diffraction data of cement materials.”Mag. of Concrete Res., 2, 21–27.
28.
Millard, R. S.(1993). “Cement and lime stabilization.” Road building in the tropics. Trans. Res. Lab., State-of-the-Art. Review, 9, 183–185.
29.
Mitchell, J. K., and Hooper, D. R.(1961). “Influence of time between mixing and compaction on properties of a lime stabilized expansive clay.”Highway Res. Board Bull., Washington, D.C., 304, 14–31.
30.
Moh, Z. C., and Mazher, M. F. (1969). “Effects of method of preparation on index properties of lateritic soils. Proc., 7th Inter. Conf. on Soil Mech. & Found. Engrg., Mexico City, 23–35.
31.
Nagaraj, T. S.(1964). “Soil structure and strength characteristics of compacted clay.”Geotechnique, 14, 103–114.
32.
Narasimha Rao, S., and Rajesekaran, G.(1996). “Reaction products formed in lime-stabilized marine clays.”J. Geotech. Engrg., Geotech. Div., ASCE, 122(5), 329–336.
33.
Nigerian General Specifications—Bridges and Roadworks. (1970). Federal Ministry of Works, Lagos.
34.
Novais-Ferreira, H., and Correia, J. A. (1965). “The hardness of laterite concretions and its influence on the performance of soil mechanics tests.”Proc., 6th Inter. Conf. on Soil Mech. & Found. Engrg., Canada, 82–86.
35.
Ola, S. A.(1975). “Stabilization of Nigerian lateritic soils with cement, bitumen and lime.”Proc., 6th Reg. Conf. for Africa on Soil Mech. & Found. Engrg., Durban, 1, 145–152.
36.
Ola, S. A.(1978). “Geotechnical properties and behaviour of some stabilized Nigerian lateritic soils.”Quarterly J. Engrg. Geol., 11, 145–160.
37.
Ormsby, W. C., and Kinter, E. B.(1973). “Effects of dolomitic and calcitic limes on strength development in mixtures with two clay minerals.”Public Roads, 37, 149–160.
38.
Peck, R. B. (1971). “Engineering implications of tropical weathering and laterization.”Seminar on lateritic and other problem soils of Africa. Univ. of Sci. & Tech., Kumasi, Ghana (unpublished lecture).
39.
“Peculiarities of geotechnical behaviour of tropical lateritic and saprolitic soils.”ISSMFE Progress Report, 1982/1985. Committee on Tropical Soils of the ISSMFE.
40.
Queiroz de Carvalho, J. B.(1981). “Amorphous materials and lime-stabilized soils.”Proc., 10th Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. & Found. Engrg., 3, 761–764.
41.
Queiroz de Carvalho, J. B. (1983). “Amorphous constituents in red tropical soils. State-of-Art and significance to geotechnical properties.”Geotech-Academia, Jodhpur.
42.
Ramaswamy, S. D., Lee, S. L., and Aziz, M. A.(1982). “A study of soil types of Singapore suitable for stabilization with lime.”Proc., 7th Southeast Asian Geotech. Conf., Hong Kong, 1, 615–629.
43.
Rossi, P. L., Ildefonse, P., Nobrega, M. T., and Chauvel, A. (1983). “Contribution a l'etude des transformations mineralogiques et structurales provoques experimentalement par l'addition de chaux a des materiaux ferralitiques Brasiliens.”Inter. Colloquium CNRS. Petrology of Weathering and Soils, Paris, 119–120.
44.
Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. (1986) 14th Ed., Am. Assoc. of State Hwy. and Transp. Officials (AASHTO), Washington, D.C.
45.
Thompson, M. R.(1968). “Lime-treated soils for pavement construction.”J. Hwy Div., ASCE, 94(2), 1991–217.
46.
Woods, K. B. (1960). Highway engineering handbook. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
47.
Yoder, E. J., and Witczak, M. W. (1975). “Principles of pavement design.” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
48.
Yong, R. N., and Warkentin, B. P. (1966). Introduction to soil behaviour. Macmillan Inc., New York.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Transportation Engineering
Journal of Transportation Engineering
Volume 124Issue 2March 1998
Pages: 149 - 155

History

Published online: Mar 1, 1998
Published in print: Mar 1998

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Kolawole J. Osinubi, Member, ASCE
Sr. Lect., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Ahmadu Bello Univ., Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share