TECHNICAL PAPERS
Oct 1, 1986

Introduction to Expert Systems for Land Information Systems

Publication: Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 112, Issue 2

Abstract

This paper introduces the surveying engineer to expert systems. Expert systems are computer systems that advise on or help solve real‐world problems requiring an expert's interpretation. They approach real‐world problems using a computer model of expert human reasoning. Facts and rules are part of what is known as the knowledge base. These can be represented using first‐order predicate logic, semantic nets, and frames. Exploitation of the knowledge base is controlled by the strategies of state space search and the use of pattern matching programs. Construction of expert systems is an expensive affair where knowledge acquisition plays a critical role. One of the major limitations in building expert systems is our current lack of understanding of expert human decision‐making. However, such systems provide a powerful vehicle for furthering our understanding of those processes and applying that understanding to the solving of engineering problems.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

References

1.
Barstow, D. R., Aiello, N., Duda, R. O., Erman, L. D., Forgy, C. L., Gorlin, D., Greiner, R. D., Lenat, D. B., London, P. E., McDermott, J., Nii, H. P., Politakis, P., Reboh, R., Rosenshein, S., Scott, C., von Melle, W., and Weiss, S. M. (1983). “Languages and tools for knowledge engineering.” Building Expert Systems, Eds., Hayes‐Roth, F., Waterman, D. A., and Lenat, D. B., Addison‐Wesley, Reading, Mass., 283–348.
2.
Brachman, R. J., Amarel, S., Engleman, C., Englemore, R. S., Feigenbaum, E. A., and Wilkins, D. E. (1983). “What are expert systems?” Building Expert Systems, Eds., Hayes‐Roth, F., Waterman, D. A., and Lenat, D. B., Addison‐Wesley, Reading, Mass., 31–58.
3.
Buchanan, B. G., Barstow, D., Bechtel, R., Bennett, J., Clancey, W., Kulikowski, C., Mitchell, T., and Waterman, D. A. (1983). “Constructing an expert system.” Building Expert Systems, Eds., Hayes‐Roth, F., Waterman, D. A., and Lenat, D. B., Addison‐Wesley, Reading, Mass., 127–168.
4.
Clocksin, W., and Mellish, C. (1981). Programming in PROLOG, Springer‐Verlag, New York, N.Y.
5.
Davis, R., and Lenat, D. B. (1982). Knowledge based systems in artificial intelligence, McGraw‐Hill, New York, N.Y.
6.
Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). “A note on two problems in connection with graphs.” Numerical Mathematics, 1, 269–271.
7.
Forsyth, R. (1984). “The architecture of expert systems.” Expert Systems: Principles and Case Studies, Eds., Forsyth, R., Chapman and Hall, London, England, 19–17.
8.
Gallaire, H., Minkler, J., and Nicolas, J. M. (1984). “Logic and databases: a deductive approach.” ACM Computing Surveys, 16, 153–185.
9.
Gevarter, W. B. (1983). An overview of artificial intelligence and robotics, NASA Technical Memorandum 85836, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.
10.
Hayes‐Roth, F. (1984). “Knowledge‐based expert systems.” Computer, 17, 263–273.
11.
Hewitt, C. (1969). “PLANNER: a language for proving theorems in robots.” Int. J. of Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, 2, 167–182.
12.
Jackson, P. C. (1985). Introduction to artificial intelligence, 2nd ed., Dover Publications, New York, N.Y.
13.
Kowalski, R. A. (1979). Logic for problem solving, North‐Holland, New York, N.Y.
14.
McDermott, D. (1980). “The PROLOG phenomenon.” Sigart Newsletter, 72, 16–20.
15.
Minsky, M. (1975). “A framework for representing knowledge.” The Psychology of Computer Vision, Ed., Winston, P. H., McGraw‐Hill, New York, N.Y., 211–277.
16.
Mooneyhan, D. W. (1983). “The potential of expert systems for remote sensing.” Proceedings, 17th Int. Symp. on Remote Sensing of Environment, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1–14.
17.
Mylopoulos, J. (1980). “An overview of knowledge representation.” Proceedings Workshop Data Abstraction, Databases, and Conceptual Modeling, 5–12.
18.
Nau, D. S. (1983). “Expert computer systems.” Computer, 16, 63–85.
19.
Nilsson, N. (1971). Problem‐solving methods in artificial intelligence, McGraw‐Hill, New York, N.Y.
20.
Quillian, M. R. (1968). “Semantic memory.” Semantic Information Processing, Ed., Minsky, M., MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
21.
Reiter, R. (1984). “Towards a logical reconstruction of relational database theory.” On Conceptual Modeling, Eds., Brodie, M., Mylopoulos, J., and Schmidt, J. W., Springer‐Verlag, Berlin.
22.
Robinson, J. A. (1965). “A machine‐oriented logic based on the resolution principle.” J. Assoc. of Computing Machinery, 12, 23–41.
23.
Schlosberg, J. (1985). “Almost human.” Digital Review, 37–42.
24.
Sowa, J. F. (1984). Conceptual structures: information processing in mind and machine. Addison‐Wesley, Reading, Mass.
25.
Sussman, G. J., and McDermott, D. V. (1972). The CONNIVER reference manual. AI Memo No. 259, M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Lab., Cambridge, Mass.
26.
Thompson, B. A., and Thompson, W. A. (1985). “Inside an expert system.” Byte, 10, 315–332.
27.
van Emden, M. H., and Kowalski, R. A. (1976). “The semantics of predicate logic as a programming language.” J. Assoc. of Computing Machinery, 23(4), 733–742.
28.
Weiss, S. M., and Kulikowski, C. A. (1984). A practical guide to designing expert systems. Rowman and Allenheld, Totawa, N.J.
29.
Yazdani, M. (1984). “Knowledge engineering in Prolog.” Expert Systems: Principles and Case Studies, Ed., Forsyth, R., Chapman and Hall, London, England, 91–111.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Surveying Engineering
Journal of Surveying Engineering
Volume 112Issue 2October 1986
Pages: 109 - 118

History

Published online: Oct 1, 1986
Published in print: Oct 1986

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Vincent B. Robinson
Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Geology and Geography, Hunter Coll.‐CUNY, 695 Park Ave., New York, NY 10021. After Jan., 1987, Assoc. Prof., Div. of Surveying Engrg., The Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
Andrew U. Frank
Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Maine at Orono, Orono, ME
Matthew A. Blaze
Ph.D. Grad. Student, Dept. of Computer Sci., Columbia Univ., New York, NY 10025

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share