Performance-Based Seismic Design of Steel MRFs with Elastomeric Dampers
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 5
Abstract
This paper presents research on seismic design of steel special moment resisting frames (SMRFs) with supplemental elastomeric dampers. The SMRF properties and damper design criteria are varied to illustrate their effects on the supplemental damper design. The SMRFs are based on current seismic design practices, and the supplemental dampers are designed using a simplified design procedure (SDP). The SDP allows the structure with dampers to be designed for specified performance objectives, where the structure is intended to reach selected performance levels, defined in terms of story drift and member response, at specified seismic input levels. Nonlinear dynamic time history analyses show that SMRFs with dampers designed using the SDP achieve the specified seismic performance objectives, and that elastomeric dampers are more effective when used in a more flexible SMRF. The SDP permits various seismic performance objectives and corresponding design criteria to be specified. Criteria that allow some inelastic behavior , but limit the story drift to 1.5% under the design basis earthquake are shown to lead to the most effective damper design.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research was conducted at the ATLSS Center at Lehigh University and supported by the Pennsylvania Infrastructure Technology Alliance (PITA) through a grant from the PA Department of Community and Economic Development. Data for EDM were provided by Russ Warley, formerly with the Lord Corporation and now with Penn State Erie. The writers also acknowledge contributions from Shannon Sweeney and Bob Michael of Penn State Behrend. The findings, opinions, and conclusions expressed in the paper are the writers and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of those acknowledged here.
References
AISC. (1999). Load and resistance factor design specification for structural steel buildings, 3rd Ed., Chicago.
AISC. (2000). Code of standard practice for steel buildings and bridges, Chicago.
Agrawal, A. K., and Yang, J. N. (1993a). “Design of passive energy dissipation systems based on LQR control methods.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 10(12), 933–944.
Agrawal, A. K., and Yang, J. N. (1993b). “Optimal placement of passive dampers on seismic and wind-excited buildings using combinatorial optimization.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 10(12), 997–1014.
Applied Technology Council (ATC). (1996). “Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings.” ATC-40, Redwood City, Calif.
Attard, T. L. (2007). “Controlling all interstory displacements in highly nonlinear steel buildings using optimal viscous damping.” J. Struct. Eng., 133(9), 1331–1340.
Building Seismic Safety Council (BSSC). (1997). “NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings.” Rep. No. FEMA-273, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C.
Constantinou, M. C., Soong, T. T., and Dargush, G. F. (1998). Passive energy dissipation systems for structural design and retrofit, Monograph Series, MCEER, State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y.
Constantinou, M. C., and Symans, M. D. (1992). “Experimental and analytical investigation of seismic response of structures with supplemental dampers.” Technical Rep. No. NCEER-92-0027, State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y.
Constantinou, M. C., Tsopelas, P., Hammel, W., and Sigaher, A. N. (2001). “Toggle-brace-damper seismic energy dissipation systems.” J. Struct. Eng., 127(2), 105–112.
Fan, C. P. (1998). “Seismic analysis, behavior, and retrofit of non-ductile reinforced concrete frame buildings with viscoelastic dampers.” Ph.D. dissertation, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2000). “Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings.” Rep. No. FEMA-356, Washington, D.C.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2003a). “NEHRP recommended provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures. Part 1—Provisions.” Rep. No. FEMA-450, Washington, D.C.
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). (2003b). “NEHRP recommended provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures. Part 2—Commentary.” Rep. No. FEMA-450, Washington, D.C.
Garlock, M. (2002). “Full-scale testing, seismic analysis, and design of post-tensioned seismic resistant connections for steel frames.” Ph.D. dissertation, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.
Gluck, N., Reinhorn, A. M., Gluck, J., and Levy, R. (1996). “Design of supplemental dampers for control of structures.” J. Struct. Eng., 122(12), 1394–1399.
Hanson, R. D., Aiken, I. D., Nims, D. K., Richter, P. J., and Bachman, R. E. (1993). “State-of-the-art and state of the practice in seismic energy dissipation.” Proc., Seminar on Seismic Isolation, Passive Energy Dissipation and Active Control, Vol. 2, Applied Technology Council, Redwood City, Calif., 449–472.
He, W.-L., and Agrawal, A. K. (2008). “Analytical model of ground motion pulses for the design and assessment of seismic protective systems.” J. Struct. Eng., 134(7), 1177–1188.
Herrera, R., Ricles, J., and Sause, R. (2003). “Analytical studies of steel MRFs with CFT columns under earthquake loading conditions.” Proc., 4th Int. Conf. on Behavior of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA), Naples, Italy, 519–525, Balkema, Lisse, The Netherlands.
International Code Council (ICC). (2000). International building code, Falls Church, Va.
Kasai, K., Fu, Y., and Watanabe, A. (1998). “Two types of passive control systems for seismic damage mitigation.” J. Struct. Eng., 124(5), 501–512.
Kim, J., and Choi, H. (2006). “Displacement-based design of supplemental dampers for seismic retrofit of a framed structure.” J. Struct. Eng., 132(6), 873–883.
Lee, K.-S., Fan, C.-P., Sause, R., and Ricles, J. (2005). “Simplified design procedure for frame buildings with viscoelastic and elastomeric structural dampers.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34, 1271–1284.
Lee, K.-S., Sause, R., and Ricles, J. (2004a). “Seismic design and evaluation of steel MRF retrofit with elastomeric dampers.” Int. J. Steel Struct., 4(4), 275–288.
Lee, K.-S., Sause, R., Ricles, J., Ab-Malek, K., and Lu, L.-W. (2004b). “Nonlinear rate-dependent hysteresis model for structural dampers made from ultra-high damping natural rubber.” J. Rubber Res., 7(2), 79–103.
Mao, C. (2000). “Development and evaluation of improved details for ductile welded unreinforced flange connections.” Ph.D. dissertation, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.
Muhummid, T. (2003). “Seismic analysis and performance of steel special moment resisting frames composite with CFT columns.” Ph.D. dissertation, Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, Pa.
Pavlou, E. A., and Constantinou, M. C. (2006). “Response of non-structural components in structures with damping devices.” J. Struct. Eng., 132(7), 1108–1117.
Prakash, V., Powell, G. H., and Campbell, S. (1993). DRAIN-2DX: Static and dynamic analysis of plane structures, NISEE, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif.
Ramirez, O. M., Constantinou, M. C., Whittaker, A. S., Kircher, C. A., and Chrysostomou, C. Z. (2002). “Elastic and inelastic seismic response of buildings with damping systems.” Earthquake Spectra, 18(3), 531–547.
Reinhorn, A. M., Li, C., and Constantinou, M. C. (1995). “Experimental and analytical investigation of seismic response of structures with supplemental damping. Part I: Fluid viscous damping devices.” Technical Rep. No. NCEER-95-0001, State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y.
Ribakov, Y., Gluck, J., and Gluck, N. (2000). “Practical design of MDOF structures with supplemental viscous dampers using mechanical levers.” Proc., ASCE Specialty Conf. on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Ribakov, Y., and Reinhorn, A. M. (2003). “Design of amplified structural damping using optimal considerations.” J. Struct. Eng., 129(10), 1422–1427.
Sause, R., Hemingway, G. J., and Kasai, K. (1994). “Simplified seismic response analysis of viscoelastic-damped frame structures.” Proc., 5th U.S. National Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 1, EERI, Chicago, 839–848.
Somerville, P. (1997). “Development of ground motion time histories for phase 2 of the FEMA/SAC steel project.” Rep. No. SAC/BD-97/04, SAC, Sacramento, Calif.
Soong, T. T., and Dargush, G. F. (1997). Passive energy dissipation systems in structural engineering, Wiley, West Sussex.
Symans, M. D., et al. (2008). “Energy dissipation systems for seismic applications: Current practice and recent developments.” J. Struct. Eng., 134(1), 3–21.
Taylor, D. P. (2000). “Toggle brace dampers: A new concept for structural control.” Proc., Advanced Technology in Structural Engineering, 2000 Structures Congress and Exposition (CD-ROM), Sec. 3, Chap. 3, ASCE, Reston, Va.
Yang, J. N., Lin, S., Kim, J. H., and Agrawal, A. K. (2001). “Optimal design of passive energy dissipation systems based on and performances.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn., 31, 921–936.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 135 • Issue 5 • May 2009
Pages: 489 - 498
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Feb 16, 2006
Accepted: Nov 25, 2008
Published online: May 1, 2009
Published in print: May 2009
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Anil Kumar Agrawal
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.