Tests of Adhesives to Augment Nails in Wind Uplift Resistance of Roofs
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 1
Abstract
The addition of adhesives to resist uplift wind forces at the roof framing-to-sheathing connection was tested. Two specimen configurations were used to compare the tensile resistance of typical nail connections to that of connections that also included acrylic foam tape or construction adhesive. A set of small specimens had a single nail connecting the sheathing to the framing, and a set of larger specimens had three nails. Connections were tested using monotonic deflection rates and a cyclic loading protocol that was a modified version of the CUREE protocol. Specimens were tested at several monotonic deflection rates. In general, the faster deflection rates increased the connection capacity. The results demonstrated that the specimens constructed with the addition of adhesives provided an improvement over the ones with only a nail. The addition of construction adhesive resulted in the highest resistances for monotonic tests, whereas the addition of adhesive tape provided the most strength in the cyclic tests.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The second writer is grateful to Professor Peter R. Sparks of Clemson University for a helpful discussion on the topic of this study. This research was sponsored by National Science Foundation Grant No. NSF0122124 through the Partnership for Advancing Technologies in Housing (PATH) program.
References
APA. (1997). Roof sheathing fastening schedules for wind uplift, APA Data File Form No. T325, APA—The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, Wash.
APA. (2000). Retrofitting a roof for high wind uplift, APA Data File Form No. A410, APA—The Engineered Wood Association, Tacoma, Wash.
Dolan, J. D. (1994). “Proposed test method for dynamic properties of connections assembled with mechanical fasteners.” J. Test. Eval., 22(6), 542–547.
Ellingwood, B. R., Rosowsky, D. V., Li, Y., and Kim, J. H. (2004). “Fragility assessment of light-frame wood construction subjected to wind and earthquake hazards.” J. Struct. Eng., 130(12), 1921–1930.
Jacobs, W. P. (2003). “Performance of pressure sensitive adhesive tapes in wood light-frame shear walls.” MS thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, Va., ⟨http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05152003-171138/⟩ (Aug. 1, 2007).
Jones, D. T. (1998). “Retrofit techniques using adhesives to resist wind uplift in wood roof systems.” MS thesis, Clemson Univ., Clemson, S.C.
Kent, S. M., Leichti, R. J., Rosowsky, D. V., and Morrell, J. J. (2005). “Effects of decay on the cyclic properties of nailed connections.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 17(5), 579–585.
Krawinkler, H., Parisi, F., Ibarra, L., Ayoub, A., and Medina, R. (2001). “Development of a testing protocol for wood frame structures.” CUREE Publication No. W-02, Consortium of Universities for Research in Earthquake Engineering, Richmond, Calif.
Lee, K. H., and Rosowsky, D. V. (2005). “Fragility assessment for roof sheathing failure in high wind regions.” Eng. Struct., 27(6), 857–868.
McClain, T. E. (1997). “Design axial withdrawal strength from wood. II: Plain-shank common wire nails.” For. Prod. J., 47(6), 103–109.
Porter, M. L. (1987). “Sequential phased displacement (SPD) procedure for TCCMAR testing.” Proc., 3rd Meeting of the Joint Technical Coordinating Committee on Masonry Research, U.S.-Japan Coordinated Earthquake Research Program, Tomamu, Japan.
Rosowsky, D. V., and Cheng., N. (1999a). “Reliability of light-frame roofs in high-wind regions. I: Wind loads.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(7), 725–733.
Rosowsky, D. V., and Cheng., N. (1999b). “Reliability of light-frame roofs in high-wind regions. II: Reliability analysis.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(7), 734–739.
Rosowsky, D. V., and Reinhold, T. A. (1999). “Rate-of-load and duration-of-load effects for wood fasteners.” J. Struct. Eng., 125(7), 719–724.
South Carolina Sea Grant Extension Program (SCSGEP). (2001). “Holding on to your roof. Part 1: A guide to retrofitting your roof sheathing using adhesives.” Videotape 7743, Clemson Univ., Clemson, S.C.
Sutt, E., and Reinhold, T. (2001). “Holding on to your roof: A guide to retrofitting your roof sheathing using adhesives.” South Carolina Sea Grant Extension Program, Clemson Univ., Clemson, S.C., ⟨http://www.haznet.org/haznet_pdf/hotyr. pdf⟩ (Aug. 1, 2007).
Turner, M. A. (2006). “Tests of acrylic foam tape and construction adhesive to augment mechanical fasteners in roofs subjected to high winds.” MS Rep., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, Va.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 135 • Issue 1 • January 2009
Pages: 88 - 93
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Dec 20, 2006
Accepted: Jun 4, 2008
Published online: Jan 1, 2009
Published in print: Jan 2009
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Rakesh Gupta
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.