Effect of Timber Ties on the Behavior of Historic Masonry
Publication: Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 134, Issue 6
Abstract
This paper presents the results of testing stone masonry wallettes in compression or in diagonal compression. The specimens that simulate a portion of perimeter walls of historic structures are made of three-leaf rubble stone masonry; they are horizontally reinforced with timber ties. Tests have proven that timber ties contribute to substantial enhancement of the ultimate strain of masonry subjected to compression, accompanied by reduction of the opening of vertical cracks. When timber reinforced masonry is subjected to diagonal compression, the cracking load is several times higher than that of the unreinforced masonry, whereas large diagonal cracks may open without disintegration of masonry. The experimental results are in accordance with in situ observations in historic structures.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This program was financed by the Earthquake Planning and Protection Organization (EPPO). The contribution of D. Papadopoulou and V. Palieraki, Structural Engineers, to the experimental work is acknowledged.
References
ASTM. (2007). “Standard method of test for diagonal tension (shear) in masonry assemblages.” E519-07, ASTM Int. West Conshohocken, Pa.
Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN). (2004a). “Eurocode 2, design of reinforced concrete structures. Part 1–1: General. Common rules and rules for buildings.” EN1992-1-1, Brussels, Belgium.
Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN). (2004b). “Eurocode 5, design of timber structures. Part 1–1: General. Common rules and rules for buildings.” EN1995-1-1 Brussels, Belgium.
Manolatos, P. (2007). “The structural role of horizontal timber ties.” MS thesis, Faculty of Architecture, NTUA (in Greek).
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)/Earthquake Protection and Planning Organization (EPPO). (2005). “Investigation of timber reinforced masonry.” Research Rep., E. Vintzileou, P. Touliatos, and E. Tsakanika, eds. (in Greek).
Tsakanika, E. (2006). “The structural role of timber in the masonry of palace type buildings in the Minoan Crete.” Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Architecture, National Technical University of Athens (in Greek).
Vintzileou, E., Zagkotsis, A., Repapis, C., and Zeris, C. (2007). “Seismic behaviour of the historical system of the island of Lefkada, Greece.” Constr. Build. Mater., 21(1), 225–236.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Structural Engineering
Volume 134 • Issue 6 • June 2008
Pages: 961 - 972
Copyright
© 2008 ASCE.
History
Received: Sep 5, 2006
Accepted: Sep 18, 2007
Published online: Jun 1, 2008
Published in print: Jun 2008
Notes
Note. Associate Editor: Akshay Gupta
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.